Межпланетные планы

[LG]

Марс, Юпитер... бред сивой кобылы.
А почему никто не думает как чувствует себя сейчас психологически коллектив НПОЛ?

[instml]

Louis Friedman: Notes from this morning Mars Program Planning Group press briefing
http://www.planetary.org/blog/article/00003452/

Предложения можно отправлять сюда: http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/marsconcepts2012/abstracts/

[ОАЯ]

Марс, Юпитер... бред сивой кобылы.
А почему никто не думает как чувствует себя сейчас психологически коллектив НПОЛ?

Но ФГУП «НПО им. С.А.Лавочкина» создал "Радиоастрон". Есть чем гордиться.

Это готовый приемный узел. Разработать отдельно под этот КА очень большое зеркало, вывести на орбиту "Радиоастрона" и состыковать с ним . Тогда, даже при не работающем интерферометре на 10 лет будет вполне современный радиотелескоп.

[Дмитрий Виницкий]

Гыгыы, неужели, надо столько лет читать форум, чтобы написать такую чушь?

[instml]

Предварительное ура - у JUICE наибольшие шансы. Окончательный выбор 2 мая.

http://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?topic=23409.0

Juice leads billion-euro space race

A proposal to study Jupiter's icy moons is now the front runner for selection as a billion-euro space mission.

However, formal selection of the mission will have to wait until a European space committee meets to discuss the contenders in May.

The Juice mission would launch in 2022 and would help assess whether Jupiter's moons could support life.

It has been up against two other concepts in the European Space Agency's (Esa) Cosmic Vision competition.

The Juice (JUpiter ICy moon Explorer) concept envisages an instrument-packed, near five-tonne satellite at launch that would be sent out to the Solar System's biggest planet, to make a careful study of three of its Galilean moons.

The mission would use the gravity of the gas giant to initiate a series of close flybys around Callisto, Europa, and then finally to put itself in a settled orbit around Ganymede.

The emphasis would be on "habitability" - understanding whether there is any possibility that these moons could host microbial life.

The other missions that have been up against Juice are Athena, which would be the biggest X-ray telescope ever built; and NGO, which would place a trio of high-precision satellites in space to detect gravitational waves.

Esa's Space Science Advisory Committee (SSAC) met earlier this month to consider the different concepts.

.........

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17756628

[Georgij]

Окончательный выбор 2 мая.

++++++++++++++++++++=

а что может повлиять на окончательный выбор?

[rozenfag]

а что может повлиять на окончательный выбор?

Ну вот например пишут письмо в поддержку иного проекта: http://fs6.formsite.com/ATHENA2022/form1/index.html

Небольшое обсуждение: http://sergepolar.livejournal.com/2289601.html

[instml]

lin уже там и агитирует за JUICE

[Georgij]

rozenfag пишет:
 

а что может повлиять на окончательный выбор?

Ну вот например пишут письмо в поддержку иного проекта: http://fs6.formsite.com/ATHENA2022/form1/index.html

мне кажется eSA итак в прошлый раз среди меньших миссий выбрала одни обсерватории так что сейчас должна победить АМС.

[instml]

ESA Panel Endorses Jupiter-bound Juice Mission

PARIS — European scientists are proposing that their next large space science mission be a satellite to Jupiter and its moons in 2022 or 2023, a decision that that was not unexpected given NASA's withdrawal, due to budget constraints, of support for the two other competitors.

Europe's space science decision-making body, the Science Program Committee (SPC), is expected to ratify the choice of the Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer, or Juice mission, when it meets on May 2.

In a decision endorsed on April 17 by the science directorate of the 19-nation European Space Agency (ESA), the Space Science Advisory Committee concluded that the Juice mission is the least risky and least costly of the three proposals that were being considered.

The science directorate's decision was made public April 18. ESA's SPC almost always endorses the advisory committee's recommendations. Assuming it does in this case, Juice could be decided in time to select industrial contractors by late 2015, with a launch in mid-2022 or mid-2023 aboard a European Ariane 5 rocket.

After a 7.5-year cruise phase, it would arrive in Jupiter orbit in early 2030 and begin a mission of at least three years studying the Ganymede, Europa and Callisto moons.

NASA has indicated it may be interested in contributing to the Juice payload suite. But following the experience of early 2011, ESA science managers this time around are not permitting any agency outside Europe to be able to decide the mission's fate.

ESA in 2007 selected three so-called L-class, or Large, science missions to compete for the 2022 launch slot. Two of them featured indispensable NASA participation.

The third, which ended as Juice, originally included a NASA-built satellite to Jupiter's Europa moon that would give the two agencies a more-thorough survey of the Jupiter region.

In March 2011, NASA informed ESA that the U.S. space agency's budget prospects did not permit it to participate in any substantial way in the L-class missions.

For Juice, that meant adding a visit to Europa to make up for the loss of the NASA mission.

For the two other candidates, the absence of NASA required a stem-to-stern mission reassessment.

The result, which was presented to the science advisory committee April 3-4, was two redrawn missions — one to study gravity waves, the other a large X-ray observatory — that presented cost and schedule risks.

ESA set a budget of 870 million euros ($1.15 billion) for its share of whatever mission was selected. To this would be added contributions from individual ESA member governments and, if available, contributions from NASA or another space agency.

To prevent a repeat of the 2011 experience, the agency had capped at 20 percent the contribution of any agency outside ESA, and had said the mission's financial and technical feasibility had to stand on its own even if the partner agency eventually bowed out.

The agency also insisted that most, if not all, the key technologies in the proposed missions had to be sufficiently well known to reach Technology Risk Level 5 on a commonly used one-to-10 scale measuring how close a technology is to being proven.

Juice was the only one of the three that met the technological, financial and schedule criteria.

As proposed, Juice is now anticipated to cost ESA 830 million euros. Individual ESA member governments are expected to contribute payload elements valued at 241 million euros.

A NASA contribution of 68 million euros is viewed as possible, but not indispensable, according to the advisory committee assessment.

The two other missions both were more expensive and fraught with technological unknowns.

The Athena — short for Advanced Telescope for High-Energy Astrophysics — mission included technology risks related to development of its mirror modules. NASA and the Japanese space agency, JAXA, were considered possible partners, but even with these two agencies involved the mission would cost ESA 907 million euros and 970 million euros if ESA were to go it alone. Athena would not be ready for launch until 2023.

The NGO — New Gravity-Wave Observatory — mission features a mother and two daughter spacecraft to study gravity waves. The laser links among the three satellites was viewed as a risk, and other elements were viewed as being unproven until the launch of the Lisa Pathfinder, a mission whose technology challenges have already delayed its launch to 2014.

NGO was estimated to cost ESA 1.06 billion euros, with a launch possible no earlier than 2024.

Juice is not without technology risks of its own. The science advisory panel pointed to the high radiation levels it will encounter as one concern, but said radiation-shielding techniques should render this "manageable."

Another Juice issue concerns its launch weight. The satellite's current estimated mass is 20 percent below what the Ariane 5 rocket can carry into the required orbit. The advisory panel judged that this was sufficient to conclude that it would remain within the limit even if, as is often the case with science satellites as they move from PowerPoint to the hardware development stage, Juice gains weight.

http://www.spacenews.com/civil/120419-esa-endorses-juice-mission.html

[FarEcho]

Предварительное ура - у JUICE наибольшие шансы. Окончательный выбор 2 мая...

Хорошая миссия. Однако 18 лет ждать придется...  
Правда, Кассини тоже ждал более 20 лет, но какие были тогда наши годы!? А теперь как прикинешь, когда дойдет очередь до Нептуна, до плавучего лендера-аэростата на Титан, на... эх!
Черт побери, пора изобретать тирьямпампацию!   :evil:

[instml]

:!:  :!:

JUICE is Europe's next large science mission


 
2 May 2012

PR 13 2012 - Jupiter's icy moons are the focus of Europe's next large science mission, ESA announced today.
 
The Jupiter Icy moons Explorer – JUICE – was selected over two other candidates: NGO, the New Gravitational wave Observatory, to hunt for gravitational waves, and ATHENA, the Advanced Telescope for High-Energy Astrophysics.

JUICE is the first Large-class mission chosen as part of ESA's Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 programme.

It will be launched in 2022 from Europe's spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana, on an Ariane 5, arriving at Jupiter in 2030 to spend at least three years making detailed observations.

Jupiter's diverse Galilean moons – volcanic Io, icy Europa and rock-ice Ganymede and Callisto – make the jovian system a miniature Solar System in its own right.

With Europa, Ganymede and Callisto all thought to host internal oceans, the mission will study the moons as potential habitats for life, addressing two key themes of Cosmic Vision: what are the conditions for planet formation and the emergence of life, and how does the Solar System work?

JUICE will continuously observe Jupiter's atmosphere and magnetosphere, and the interaction of the Galilean moons with the gas giant planet.

It will visit Callisto, the most heavily cratered object in the Solar System, and will twice fly by Europa. JUICE will make the first measurements of the thickness of Europa's icy crust and will identify candidate sites for future in situ exploration.

The spacecraft will finally enter orbit around Ganymede in 2032, where it will study the icy surface and internal structure of the moon, including its subsurface ocean.

Ganymede is the only moon in the Solar System known to generate its own magnetic field, and JUICE will observe the unique magnetic and plasma interactions with Jupiter's magnetosphere in detail.

"Jupiter is the archetype for the giant planets of the Solar System and for many giant planets being found around other stars," says Prof. Alvaro Gim

[instml]

С текущими бюджетными планами NASA не сможет запустить еще один марсоход до 2020 года.
"Стационарный посадочный аппарат сможем в 2018."
"Орбитальный аппарат сделаем быстро."

Призрак Марс Сэмпл Ретурн продолжает маячить на горизонте.

Figueroa Rules Out Another NASA Mars Rover Before 2020
http://www.spacenews.com/civil/120508-figuera-rules-out-rover.html

[Georgij]

хватит Марса! Европу давайте и Титан!

[Shwed]

А существует ли вообще интерактивная карта АМС, а то только насовские нашёл

[instml]

Интерактивная? Нафига? Их же и 30 штучек наверное не наберется.

Ненасавских кстати, даже считая точки Лагранжа - 6 ЕКА (СОХО, МЭ, ВЭ, Розетта, Гершель, Планк), парочка японских, 1 китайская и усе.

Обычная карта - есть.

http://www.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?p=929784#929784

[instml]

Next Generation MERs for Mars?

Example of proposed upgrades to the basic Mars Exploration Rover design for missions to Mars in 2018 and beyond.  This particular upgrade would enhance the rover with next generation instruments and add capabilities to collect and cache samples for eventual return to Earth.  The full abstract is available here.

This week NASA will hold its conference on Concepts and Approaches forMars Exploration.   The space agency will use this meeting to hear new ideas for exploring the Red Planet.   The planetary science community responded with a wide range of ideas for both future robotic and manned missions.   The best ideas presumably will be incorporated into NASA's new Mars exploration plan for 2018 through 2033 to be released this summer.

Extended two page abstracts for most of the talks have been posted at the website, and I use them for the information in this and probably the next several posts.

A wide range of robotic missions will be proposed from orbiters to explore the subsurface with ground penetrating radars to rovers that would be blown like tumbleweeds by the winds across the surface.

A number of the talks will propose new rover missions that would reuse the basic design of the Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) (see, for example, this abstract).  This is the design used by the highly successful Spirit and Opportunity rovers currently on Mars.  By reusing a proven design for entry, descent, mobility, and science operations, costs of future missions would be substantially reduced.  One talk will propose that five to ten rovers be delivered in the 2020s to both explore different regions of Mars as well as to possibly carry different instrument compliments.

In terms of size, the MER design is much smaller than the Curiosity rover en route to Mars for a landing this August or the planned ExoMars rover.  The MER design is roughly the size of golf cart while the Curiosity rover is the size of sports utility vehicle.  In terms of capabilities, size matters.  Future rovers based on the MER design cannot replicate the full range of measurements the Curiosity and ExoMars rovers will.



Examples of a mineralogical map of a rock sample create from a prototype next generation multispectral microscopic imager proposed for future rovers (see this abstract).  Other instruments could measure the composition of each mineral assemblage in this sample (see this abstract).

In reading over the abstracts for the talks, however, I was surprised at the range of possibilities for upgrading the basic MER design to carry out sophisticated new investigations.  For example, a major upgrade discussed in two talks would be to the contact instruments that are placed against rocks by the robotic arm.  Where the current rovers carry a panchromatic (black and white) microscopic imager, future rovers could carry multispectral microscopic imagers that would take spectra of individual grains for composition analysis.  Where the current MER instruments record average composition across each measurement location (a few centimeters across if I remember correctly), the next generation of instruments would measure the composition of individual grains within rocks.  (In techno-speak, the instrument would use a microscopic laser to enable Raman spectroscopy, Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and fluorescence spectroscopy with measurements at the scale of 1-5 microns. The combination will provide both elemental and mineralogic composition.  While the abstract doesn't mention one way or another about detecting organic molecules, other Raman spectrometers I've seen discussed would.  See this abstract for details.)  To use a crude analogy, these instruments compared to those on Spirit and Opportunity would be like going from black and white analog television to full color, 3D, 1080p high definition television.

The big upgrades to the MER design, though, would come from attaching new packages to the exterior of the rover.   The Curiosity rover in route to Mars for a landing this August also has cameras and contact instruments, but its major instrument advancements comes from sophisticated chemistry laboratories within the rover.  The MER design lacks room for instruments inside its body, but two talks will discuss packages attached to the exterior.

One talk will propose a mission (see this abstract) that would carry an advanced laboratory that would conduct sophisticated compositional analysis and organic characterization using a combined a high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS) to analyze biotic and abiotic chemistry as well as Raman spectroscopy and Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for mineralogical and elemental composition measurements.  These capabilities would be similar to some of those that will be done by the Curiosity and ExoMars rovers (although sometimes with different combinations of instruments than these).

A completely new capability in this instrument package not found in the Curiosity or ExoMars instruments suites would date samples to ~±50 million years (specifically by measuring ratios of the elements rubidium-strontium and potassium-argon.)  A major goal for returning samples to Earth is to establish firm dates (plus or minus a few tens of millions of years) for key events in Martian history.  If this could be done with a future rover, this would be a huge advance for the scientific understanding of Mars at a tiny fraction of the cost of returning samples to Earth

Sample return isn't forgotten for the proposed MER class rovers.  Two talks will focus on bolting a sample return caching system to the exterior of the rover.  A coring drill would collect around 35 sample cores that would be deposited in a canister ready for collection by a subsequent mission for return to Earth.  The rover would also carry multispectral cameras, a remote sensing spectrometer, and sophisticated contact composition instruments to aid in sample selection.

While these talks will propose reusing the basic MER design, at least one key upgrade will be done.  The Spirit and Opportunity rovers used ballistic, unguided entry and descent that resulted in large landing ellipses.  As a result, many interesting sites, such as Curiosity's Gale Crater site, had to be ruled out because the large ellipses contained rough terrain.  Curiosity will use guided entry and descent to substantially reduce the size of the landing ellipse.  Future MER-class missions would be upgraded to also use guided entry and descent allowing them to land at many more geologically interesting sites than were available for Spirit and Opportunity.

Beyond this upgrade, the rover design could also be upgraded in many small ways.  One talk mentions options for upgrades including advanced electronics to increase computational capabilities, higher efficiency solar cells, and upgraded telecommunications components.

While the instrument, entry and descent, and other upgrades promise exciting new capabilities, it's important to remember that these would still be small, solar powered rovers that use airbags for landing.  They will lack the range of capabilities and driving distance of the Curiosity rover.  There are no free lunches in planetary exploration.  MER-class missions with price tags around $700M will not replace Curiosity with its price tag around $2.5B.  What is exciting is that so much could be done with upgrades to the basic design of a proven small rover   Imagine even two to three upgraded MER missions in the 2020s.

http://futureplanets.blogspot.com/2012/06/next-generation-mers-for-mars.html

[instml]

Mars Concepts and Approaches Workshop

http://futureplanets.blogspot.com/2012/06/mars-concepts-and-approaches-workshop.html

[dee34rt]

http://www.itar-tass.com/c19/461488.html

[instml]

http://www.lpi.usra.edu/pss/may2012/presentations/1Green_PSS_status.pdf