А теперь к Плутону (АМС New Horizons / Новые горизонты)

Автор ronatu, 19.08.2005 12:32:00

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ЦитироватьSoligorsk пишет:
Много информации, но на английском. Просто если кому-то не сложно, то хоть раз в месяц говорить - полёт нормальный.

Если в твиттере в начале недели написали green beacon с восклицательным знаком, значит полет нормальный
Go MSL!


scream

Операторы АМС «Новые горизонты» завершили тестирование служебных подсистем и научных приборов станции, успешно провели генеральную репетицию пролета через систему Плутона в июле 2015 года и погрузили космический аппарат в «спящий режим».

20 августа 2013 года АМС «Новые горизонты» завершила насыщенную летнюю программу и погрузилась в «спящий режим». Рутинная часть этой программы включала в себя полную проверку всех служебных подсистем станции (вывод: они работают хорошо) и научных инструментов (они также работают хорошо!). Операторы «Новых горизонтов» также обновили бортовое программное обеспечение, защищающее космический аппарат от возможных ошибок, собрали научные данные, полученные станцией во время межпланетного путешествия, и уточнили траекторию полета. Помимо этих обычных операций были выполнены еще две важных процедуры.

Первой из них, проведенной в начале июля, была запланированная съемка Плутона и его крупнейшего спутника Харона. На снимке, полученном длиннофокусной камерой высокого разрешения LORRI, Плутон и Харон оказались разрешены (т.е. отобразились в виде двух отдельных объектов). Получение этого снимка явилось своеобразной вехой, означающей приближение к концу долгого путешествия длиной в 5 миллиардов километров, начатого в январе 2006 года.

Второй важной процедурой была генеральная репетиция недельного пролета через систему Плутона. Космический аппарат проделал всю последовательность действий, которую он должен будет проделать в июле 2015 года, и проделал блестяще! Этот тест готовился инженерами миссии в течение 6 лет, его отдельные элементы десятки раз репетировались операторами на наземных тренажерах, чтобы учесть все мелочи и избавиться от ошибок. 

Детальный анализ телеметрии, полученной от станции во время этой генеральной репетиции, будет закончен только в начале сентября, однако предварительные данные показали полный успех. Более того, расход топлива во время репетиции пролета оказался несколько меньше, чем ожидали инженеры миссии, что позволит «Новым горизонтам» сохранить немного дополнительного топлива для изучения объектов пояса Койпера после пролета Плутона.

Что же дальше?

До июня 2014 года «Новые горизонты» будут пребывать в «спящем режиме». Запланировано только одно двухнедельное пробуждение в январе 2014 года для поворота антенны, приема некоторых команд и еще нескольких действий, связанных с рутинным обслуживанием аппарата. В июне инженеры миссии снова «разбудят» аппарат на два месяца. С помощью камеры высокого разрешения LORRI будут проведены сеансы оптической навигации для уточнения курса к Плутону. Возможно, будет проведена небольшая коррекция курса с использованием бортовых ракетных двигателей. Также будет проведена полная проверка всех бортовых систем и научных аппаратов и проделано еще несколько тестов.

Примерно 1 сентября 2014 года станция снова будет погружена в «спящий режим» до ноября или начала декабря. А 12 января 2015 года начнутся первые научные наблюдения по программе сближения с Плутоном. 

Владислава Ананьева

scream

http://www.golos-ameriki.ru/content/yk-retag/1737895.html  «Аппетиты» у КА разные. «Галилей», вращавшийся вокруг Юпитера, потребовал 15,6 кг плутония-238. По прожорливости его явно превзошел направленный к Сатурну и его спутникам КА «Кассини», в РИТЭГ которого было загружено 32,7 кг этого радиоактивного топлива. КА «Новые горизонты», следующий в настоящее время к Плутону, ограничился лишь 10,9 кг плутония-238.



РИТЭГ: «сердца» космических роботов, или оружие террористов?



Tiger

Не в курсе, уже определились с целью для аппарата после Плутона?
(350838) = 2002 EH163 = 2011 UN192

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Go MSL!

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Go MSL!

fon Butterfly

Цитироватьinstml пишет:
Зеленый маяк! (Green beacon!)
Это, пардон, о чём?
- Ключ на старт!.. Зажигание!.. Что?!.. А мне по фигу, что оно у вас позднее!..

LL_

Цитироватьfon Butterfly пишет:
 25.08.2013 18:00:28
            
            
               
ЦитироватьSoligorsk пишет:
Много информации, но на английском. Просто если кому-то не сложно, то хоть раз в месяц говорить - полёт нормальный.

Если в твиттере в начале недели написали green beacon с восклицательным знаком, значит полет нормальный
               
                  
                   Go MSL!
Это три зелёных свистка :)

Посмотрите несколько сообщений вверх. Это означает, что с аппаратом все в норме.
25.08.2013 18:00:28


[TH]Цитата[/TH]
Soligorsk пишет:
Много информации, но на английском. Просто если кому-то не сложно, то хоть раз в месяц говорить - полёт нормальный.


Если в твиттере в начале недели написали green beacon с восклицательным знаком, значит полет нормальный


Go MSL!

fon Butterfly

Ага, СПС. Видимо, я ещё не проснутый с утреца...
- Ключ на старт!.. Зажигание!.. Что?!.. А мне по фигу, что оно у вас позднее!..

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The Sounds of New Horizons

October 21, 2013

What does New Horizons say when it calls home? Nothing, without the help of software that transforms zeros and ones from New Horizons' computers into images, instrument readings, or useful information on the spacecraft's status. Those datasets are then transmitted to Earth by the telecommunications (radio) system aboard New Horizons.

But if our Pluto-bound spacecraft could talk, it would sound something like the "tune" members of the New Horizons communications team created from actual ranging signals that New Horizons traded with NASA Deep Space Network (DSN) receiving stations earlier this year. (Listen to New Horizons)



DSN and New Horizons

The Long Ranger: New Horizons engineers created audio from ranging signals sent to New Horizons on June 29, 2012, from the DSN station in Goldstone, Calif. (bottom left), and returned to the station in Canberra, Australia (right). Traveling at the speed of light, the signals made the round trip in six hours, 14 minutes and 29 seconds. (DSN photos courtesy of NASA/JPL.)

How It Works

The New Horizons team uses these ranging measurements to determine the spacecraft's orbit, or its precise location in space. The DSN station modulates a ranging code and transmits it to the spacecraft, which demodulates the code (essentially processing the signal to receive the data) and transmits back to Earth. The DSN station then measures the round-trip time delay – in seconds – between transmission and reception of the ranging code. The measurement allows the team to determine the time needed for a signal to travel between the DSN station and the spacecraft.

"The ranging signal is a special sequence of tones sent to the spacecraft and turned around, or transmitted back," says Chris DeBoy, New Horizons telecommunications system lead engineer from the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Md. "You're hearing those tones as they're received back at Earth, but converted down to a frequency range that the human ear can hear. The ranging technique is just like seeing how much time it takes to hear the echo of your voice reflected off some object to measure how far away you are. Except in this case, the DSN's 'voice' is a million or more times higher in frequency than your voice, travels almost a million times faster than the speed of sound, and the round-trip distance is more than 4 billion miles!"

These signals were sent to New Horizons on June 29, 2012, from the DSN station in Goldstone, Calif., and returned to the station in Canberra, Australia. Traveling at the speed of light, the signals made the round trip in six hours, 14 minutes and 29 seconds.

Today, New Horizons is 2.6 billion miles from Earth, between the orbits of Uranus and Neptune, speeding 33,200 miles per hour toward a July 2015 encounter with Pluto and its moons. Follow New Horizons on its voyage.

http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/news_center/news/20131021.php
Go MSL!


RustemNur

#932
5 ае до Плутона:


http://pikucha.ru/iccXG

ЗЫ: так и не понял, как картинку нормально добавлять  :oops:
На форуме прошу обращаться ко мне на "ты". Спасибо.

ZOOR

#933
ЦитироватьRustemNur пишет:
5 ае до Плутона:

 
 

ЗЫ: так и не понял, как картинку нормально добавлять  :oops:  

В тэгах [ IMG ] http://.......... [ /IMG ] необходим УРЛ, оканчивающийся на .jpeg (jpg).
"Нормально" с нашим форумным движком и данным файлохранилищем никак не получится - только через назад :)
Я зуб даю за то что в первом пуске Ангары с Восточного полетит ГВМ Пингвина. © Старый
Если болит сердце за народные деньги - можно пойти в депутаты. © Neru - Старому

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That Friday Feelin': New Horizons to Pass Key Distance Milestone Today on Journey to Pluto
By Ben Evans

http://www.americaspace.com/?p=44302

Спойлер
Friday is almost universally recognized as an indicator that the weekend draws inexorably closer ... but for NASA's New Horizons spacecraft, today will mark a milestone as its primary target, the dwarf world (and ex-planet) Pluto, draws ever closer. Scheduled to reach Pluto and its mysterious system of moons in mid-July 2015, New Horizons is now just 5 Astronomical Units (AU)—about 464.8 million miles (747.9 million km)—fr om becoming the first machine fashioned by human hands ever to gain a close-up glimpse of one of the Solar System's hidden gems. "This Friday, we'll be just 5 AU from Pluto," exulted New Horizons' Twitter page to its 43,000 followers, "and closing."

Launched atop an Atlas V booster from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Fla., back in January 2006, it has been quite a journey for New Horizons ... and a journey which might never have happened. An earlier mission, the Pluto Kuiper Express, had already been cancelled, due to budgetary concerns, and New Horizons was ultimately sel ected by NASA in June 2001. Four years later, its assembly was completed and the spacecraft was delivered to the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., for final testing. New Horizons moved to Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in September and was transported to Space Launch Complex (SLC)-41 in December for installation atop the Atlas V. Although the "launch window" to reach Pluto opened on 11 January 2006, the spacecraft and its team endured no fewer than two postponements before thundering aloft on 19 January.

New Horizons was ins erted directly onto an Earth-and-solar-escape trajectory, departing the Home Planet at a relative velocity of 36,373 mph (58,536 km/h). This set a new record for the fastest human-made object ever to leave Earth, and the spacecraft passed Mars in early April 2006, followed by Asteroid 132524 APL—named by New Horizons' Principal Investigator in honor of the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, which runs the mission—in June and gained its first sighting of Pluto, from a distance of 2.6 billion miles (4.2 billion km), the following September. Passing Jupiter in February 2007, followed by the orbit of Saturn in June 2008 and the orbit of Uranus in March 2011, New Horizons' journey into the unknown steadily resolved Pluto for the first time as something more than a distant speck of light. By December 2011, it had drawn closer to the dwarf world than any other human spacecraft, eclipsing the previous record-holder, Voyager 1, which flew past Pluto at 10.58 AU in May 1988.

Earlier this year, New Horizons' Long Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) acquired its first image of Pluto's large moon, Charon, from a distance of almost 550 million miles (885 million km), which resolved it as a dim companion object. Next summer, the spacecraft will pass beyond Neptune's orbit and in February 2015 will begin its first long-distance observations of Pluto. By May, its resolution will eclipse that of the Hubble Space Telescope, and on 14 July it will hurtle past Pluto at a distance of about 8,510 miles (13,695 km), taking in glimpses of Charon and the other moons, Hydra, Nix, Kerberos, and Styx. The remainder of New Horizons' mission—which is expected to continue until at least 2026—will be spent performing flybys of mysterious Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) and may be in a position to conduct explorations of the Sun's outer heliosphere if still functional in 2038.

Having traversed a distance of 26.38 AU, or about 2.4 billion miles (3.9 billion km) from Earth, in less than eight years, New Horizons' journey thus far has been nothing short of phenomenal. Round-trip communications times between the spacecraft and Earth now stand at about 7.3 hours, and it is fitting that in addition to its payload of scientific instruments it carries some of the ashes of Clyde Tombaugh (1906-1997)—the astronomer who discovered Pluto in February 1930—and a dust counter named in honor of Venetia Burney (1918-2009), who as a schoolgirl suggested the name "Pluto" for the newly found world.

In addition to intrinsic scientific interest, the need to send a mission to Pluto came about because of its unusual elliptical orbit around the Sun, which brings it as close as 30 AU (2.8 billion miles or 4.5 billion km) and as far as 50 AU (4.6 billion miles or 7.5 billion km), and this broad difference in solar distance is thought to cause profound changes to its tenuous atmosphere. As Pluto moves farther from the Sun, this atmosphere is believed to sublimate as frost onto its surface, and reaching the icy world before this occurred was considered imperative for maximum scientific yield.

Even the best-resolution images, acquired by the Hubble Space Telescope, have revealed little more than a few bright and dark blotches on the Plutonian surface, and it has been suggested that it is a similar world to Neptune's moon Triton in physical nature. Yet if these bright and dark features are visible from Hubble's immense distance, they are clearly significant and planetary geologists expect Pluto to reveal evidence of a complex evolutionary history. Its thin atmosphere was first identified in 1988, boasting a pressure at the surface about 100,000 times smaller than on Earth, but nevertheless sufficient to support meager weather systems, winds, particulate haze, and maybe even an ionosphere. Pluto's gravity is so weak that whatever atmosphere it does possess is probably not very close to the surface. As for Charon and the other moons, they pose little more than a blank slate at present, awaiting New Horizons to discover and write their stories.

Discovered by James Christy of the U.S. Naval Observatory in 1978, Charon comprises essentially water-ice, wh ereas Pluto is predominantly coated with nitrogen frost, together with some methane and carbon monoxide ices. Both have densities about twice that of water, which is suggestive of bodies which are roughly two-thirds rock and one-third water-ice. The distance between Pluto and Charon is relatively small—only about 12,180 miles (19,600 km), or about 19 times closer than the distance between Earth and the Moon—and both are tidally locked, presenting the same face to each other. To an observer on the Plutonian surface, Charon would thus hang, in perpetuity, never rising or setting, in the dark sky.

The sky-falling notion that Pluto's atmosphere might freeze and collapse appears not to be entirely accurate. Writing last month for The Planetary Society, Emily Lakdawalla noted that astronomers have monitored its progress on numerous occasions during the past 25 years. "Throughout the 2000s, the atmosphere seemed to be at a plateau," Lakdawalla wrote. "There was some variation in its pressure, but the error bars all overlapped, so it was hard to say which way it was going." Three scenarios existed to explain Pluto's atmospheric behavior, two of which predicted an atmospheric collapse by now, whilst recent "occultations" of the dwarf planet suggested that it was actually thickening, even as it moved farther from the Sun. "Plugging these data points back into their climate models," Lakdawalla continued, "the only model that can explain the observed behavior of the atmosphere is one in which there is a permanent north polar cap. And in those models, the atmosphere never completely collapses. It waxes and it wanes, but it never collapses."

Approximately 70 days before closest approach, New Horizons' imaging gear will set to work mapping and taking daily spectral measurements of the Plutonian surface. These will be used to better understand the chemical and mineralogical composition and surface temperature of both Pluto and Charon. Although the spacecraft's long voyage will be rewarded by a matter of weeks to complete the bulk of its scientific work, the excitement of the New Horizons team to get to work is palpable. Pluto has long since been relegated from its original definition of planet and is now controversially described as a dwarf planet, although several members of the New Horizons team still defy the International Astronomical Union (IAU) and continue to regard it as The Ninth Planet.

Today, as workers leave work for the weekend and head home, New Horizons will pass another milestone as it heads to Pluto. The countdown clock is ticking. Less than 630 days—or 90 weeks—from now, the spacecraft will grab for itself a ringside seat for humanity's first-ever up-close glimpse of Pluto. And if previous planetary encounters are anything to go by, all bets are off. We can be certain of only one thing: that Pluto will be a world of surprises.

The sky-falling notion that Pluto's atmosphere might freeze and collapse appears not to be entirely accurate. Writing last month for The Planetary Society, Emily Lakdawalla noted that astronomers have monitored its progress on numerous occasions during the past 25 years. "Throughout the 2000s, the atmosphere seemed to be at a plateau," Lakdawalla wrote. "There was some variation in its pressure, but the error bars all overlapped, so it was hard to say which way it was going." Three scenarios existed to explain Pluto's atmospheric behavior, two of which predicted an atmospheric collapse by now, whilst recent "occultations" of the dwarf planet suggested that it was actually thickening, even as it moved farther from the Sun. "Plugging these data points back into their climate models," Lakdawalla continued, "the only model that can explain the observed behavior of the atmosphere is one in which there is a permanent north polar cap. And in those models, the atmosphere never completely collapses. It waxes and it wanes, but it never collapses."

Approximately 70 days before closest approach, New Horizons' imaging gear will set to work mapping and taking daily spectral measurements of the Plutonian surface. These will be used to better understand the chemical and mineralogical composition and surface temperature of both Pluto and Charon. Although the spacecraft's long voyage will be rewarded by a matter of weeks to complete the bulk of its scientific work, the excitement of the New Horizons team to get to work is palpable. Pluto has long since been relegated from its original definition of planet and is now controversially described as a dwarf planet, although several members of the New Horizons team still defy the International Astronomical Union (IAU) and continue to regard it as The Ninth Planet.

Today, as workers leave work for the weekend and head home, New Horizons will pass another milestone as it heads to Pluto. The countdown clock is ticking. Less than 630 days—or 90 weeks—from now, the spacecraft will grab for itself a ringside seat for humanity's first-ever up-close glimpse of Pluto. And if previous planetary encounters are anything to go by, all bets are off. We can be certain of only one thing: that Pluto will be a world of surprises.

The sky-falling notion that Pluto's atmosphere might freeze and collapse appears not to be entirely accurate. Writing last month for The Planetary Society, Emily Lakdawalla noted that astronomers have monitored its progress on numerous occasions during the past 25 years. "Throughout the 2000s, the atmosphere seemed to be at a plateau," Lakdawalla wrote. "There was some variation in its pressure, but the error bars all overlapped, so it was hard to say which way it was going." Three scenarios existed to explain Pluto's atmospheric behavior, two of which predicted an atmospheric collapse by now, whilst recent "occultations" of the dwarf planet suggested that it was actually thickening, even as it moved farther from the Sun. "Plugging these data points back into their climate models," Lakdawalla continued, "the only model that can explain the observed behavior of the atmosphere is one in which there is a permanent north polar cap. And in those models, the atmosphere never completely collapses. It waxes and it wanes, but it never collapses."

Approximately 70 days before closest approach, New Horizons' imaging gear will set to work mapping and taking daily spectral measurements of the Plutonian surface. These will be used to better understand the chemical and mineralogical composition and surface temperature of both Pluto and Charon. Although the spacecraft's long voyage will be rewarded by a matter of weeks to complete the bulk of its scientific work, the excitement of the New Horizons team to get to work is palpable. Pluto has long since been relegated from its original definition of planet and is now controversially described as a dwarf planet, although several members of the New Horizons team still defy the International Astronomical Union (IAU) and continue to regard it as The Ninth Planet.

Today, as workers leave work for the weekend and head home, New Horizons will pass another milestone as it heads to Pluto. The countdown clock is ticking. Less than 630 days—or 90 weeks—from now, the spacecraft will grab for itself a ringside seat for humanity's first-ever up-close glimpse of Pluto. And if previous planetary encounters are anything to go by, all bets are off. We can be certain of only one thing: that Pluto will be a world of surprises.

The sky-falling notion that Pluto's atmosphere might freeze and collapse appears not to be entirely accurate. Writing last month for The Planetary Society, Emily Lakdawalla noted that astronomers have monitored its progress on numerous occasions during the past 25 years. "Throughout the 2000s, the atmosphere seemed to be at a plateau," Lakdawalla wrote. "There was some variation in its pressure, but the error bars all overlapped, so it was hard to say which way it was going." Three scenarios existed to explain Pluto's atmospheric behavior, two of which predicted an atmospheric collapse by now, whilst recent "occultations" of the dwarf planet suggested that it was actually thickening, even as it moved farther from the Sun. "Plugging these data points back into their climate models," Lakdawalla continued, "the only model that can explain the observed behavior of the atmosphere is one in which there is a permanent north polar cap. And in those models, the atmosphere never completely collapses. It waxes and it wanes, but it never collapses."

Approximately 70 days before closest approach, New Horizons' imaging gear will se t to work mapping and taking daily spectral measurements of the Plutonian surface. These will be used to better understand the chemical and mineralogical composition and surface temperature of both Pluto and Charon. Although the spacecraft's long voyage will be rewarded by a matter of weeks to complete the bulk of its scientific work, the excitement of the New Horizons team to get to work is palpable. Pluto has long since been relegated fr om its original definition of planet and is now controversially described as a dwarf planet, although several members of the New Horizons team still defy the International Astronomical Union (IAU) and continue to regard it as The Ninth Planet.

Today, as workers leave work for the weekend and head home, New Horizons will pass another milestone as it heads to Pluto. The countdown clock is ticking. Less than 630 days—or 90 weeks—from now, the spacecraft will grab for itself a ringside seat for humanity's first-ever up-close glimpse of Pluto. And if previous planetary encounters are anything to go by, all bets are off. We can be certain of only one thing: that Pluto will be a world of surprises.
[свернуть]
Go MSL!

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On the Path to Pluto, 5 AU and Closing

October 25, 2013

Pluto isn't quite the next exit on New Horizons' voyage through the outer solar system, but the destination is definitely getting closer. Today the NASA spacecraft speeds to within five astronomical units (AU) of Pluto – which is less than five times the distance between the Earth and the sun, or about 460 million miles.

"It's exciting to be closing in on the Pluto system," says Alan Stern, New Horizons principal investigator from Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colo. "The encounter begins in January 2015 – just over 14 months from now. You can really feel the energy level rising on this mission!"

Since launch in January 2006, New Horizons has covered more than 2.7 billion miles (4.4 billion kilometers) – about 85 percent of its journey – putting it in an exclusive club of deep-space explorers that includes NASA's Pioneer 10, Pioneer 11, Voyager 1 and Voyager 2. In fact, the next milepost on New Horizons' path comes next summer, when it crosses the orbit of Neptune on Aug. 25 — exactly 25 years after Voyager 2 made its historic exploration of that giant planet. When New Horizons arrives at Pluto on July 14, 2015, it will have traveled farther than any spacecraft ever has to reconnoiter its prime target.



http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/news_center/news/20131025.php
Go MSL!


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https://twitter.com/NewHorizons2015/status/395584222775111680

Our KBO search team is mtg today on 2014-15 search strategies--getting a KBO flyby after Pluto depends on finding ones we have fuel to reach
Go MSL!

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Go MSL!

ronatu

Когда жизнь экзаменует - первыми сдают нервы.