CCiCap - Commercial Crew Integrated Capability

Автор Salo, 17.09.2012 14:53:48

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Salo

Цитировать Jeff Foust ‏@jeff_foust  5 ч.5 часов назад  
Hale: our committee concerned about possible gap in NASA ISS crew access if comm'l crew delayed beyond 2018:
 
"Были когда-то и мы рысаками!!!"

Salo

http://spaceflightnow.com/2016/07/29/nasa-orders-second-spacex-crew-ferry-ship/
ЦитироватьNASA orders second SpaceX crew ferry ship             
 July 29, 2016 William Harwood

STORY WRITTEN FOR CBS NEWS & USED WITH PERMISSION
 
Artist's concept of a SpaceX Crew Dragon on final approach to the International Space Station. Credit: SpaceX

NASA has ordered a second commercial crew ferry ship from SpaceX, NASA announced Friday, as the agency continues its on-going push to develop U.S.-built spacecraft to carry astronauts to and from the International Space Station, ending sole reliance on Russian Soyuz vehicles.
Not counting planned test flights, Boeing was awarded contracts last year to build two post-certification CST-100 "Starliner" ferry ships and the second order for a SpaceX piloted Dragon capsule completes the minimum number guaranteed under NASA's Commercial Crew Transportation Capability program. The current contracts include options for up to four additional spacecraft from each company.
SpaceX, which already launches supplies and equipment to the station using unpiloted Dragon cargo ships, tentatively plans to launch its first Crew Dragon on an unpiloted test flight as early as May 2017, according to internal NASA schedules, with a piloted test flight to the space station a few months later.
Boeing hopes to launch its CST-100 on an unpiloted test flight in December 2017 with the company's first piloted test flight in February 2018.
The CST-100 will be launched from pad 41 at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station atop a United Launch Alliance Atlas 5 rocket. SpaceX will fire its Crew Dragon capsules into orbit atop the company's Falcon 9 boosters using a retired shuttle pad, complex 39A, at the Kennedy Space Center.
Assuming the test flights go well, NASA will be ready to press ahead with operational crew rotation missions using the four vehicles currently under contract.
"The order of a second crew rotation mission from SpaceX, paired with the two ordered from Boeing, will help ensure reliable access to the station on American spacecraft," Kathy Lueders, manager of NASA's Commercial Crew Program, said in a statement. "These systems will ensure reliable U.S. crew rotation services to the station, and will serve as a lifeboat for the space station for up to seven months."
Gwynne Shotwell, SpaceX president and CEO, said the California rocket builder is making "great progress."
"We appreciate the trust NASA has placed in SpaceX with the order of another crew mission," she said in the statement, "and look forward to flying astronauts from American soil next year."
Since the space shuttle's retirement in 2011, NASA and its international partners have relied on Russia to launch crews to the space station and return them to Earth at a cost of more than $80 million a seat under current contracts with Roscosmos, the Russian federal space agency.
Up to this point, the station's crew size has been limited by the number of astronauts and cosmonauts that can be carried up, three at a time, aboard Soyuz spacecraft. With two Soyuz vehicles docked at the station, a maximum of six crew members can be accommodated.
The CST-100 and Crew Dragon will typically carry four-person crews to the lab complex, boosting overall crew size to seven, "which will significantly increase the amount of crew time to conduct research," Julie Robinson, chief scientist for the station program, said in the statement.
While the new U.S. spacecraft will end NASA's sole reliance on Russia for transportation to and from the station, U.S.-sponsored astronauts will still fly aboard the Soyuz while cosmonauts will fly aboard the CST-100 and Crew Dragon.
That will ensure that at least one crew member from NASA and one from Roscosmos will be on board the station in the event of an emergency of some sort that might force one ferry crew to depart. At least one crew member from NASA and one from Roscosmos is required to operate the station's U.S. and Russian systems.
"Были когда-то и мы рысаками!!!"

Salo

http://spacenews.com/commercial-crew-delays-could-lead-to-gap-in-iss-access-nasa-advisors-warn/#sthash.SSY3JalP.dpuf
ЦитироватьCommercial crew delays could lead to gap in ISS access, NASA advisors warn
by Jeff Foust — August 2, 2016
 
An illustration of a SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft docking with the International Space Station. SpaceX is currently on schedule to be certified to carry NASA astronauts as soon as October 2017. Credit: NASA  
 
WASHINGTON — Although Boeing and SpaceX remain on schedule to have their commercial crew vehicles completed by 2018, an advisory group is worried about a potential gap in access to the International Space Station should they experience delays.
At a July 28 meeting of the NASA Advisory Council in Cleveland, members discussed the possibility NASA may have no means to send crews to the station should both companies fail to have their vehicles certified by the end of 2018, when NASA's current agreement with Russia for seats on Soyuz spacecraft expires.
Wayne Hale, interim chairman of the council's human exploration and operations committee, told the council that while both companies' current schedules have their vehicles ready by 2018 to carry NASA astronauts, "there is very little margin" in those schedules.
"Human spaceflight development programs invariably suffer schedules slips due to their technical complexity, and integration of commercial providers into government service adds further obstacles," he said. "It's therefore prudent to assume delays in the post-certification missions from the schedule."
Schedules presented at a July 26 committee meeting showed Boeing completing its certification review, the final milestone before operational flights, in May 2018. That comes after an uncrewed test flight of its CST-100 Starliner spacecraft in December 2017 and a crewed test flight in February 2018.
SpaceX currently has its certification review scheduled for October 2017. It has an uncrewed test flight of its Crew Dragon vehicle scheduled for May 2017, followed by a crewed test flight in August 2017.
With NASA's July 29 order of a second post-certification mission from SpaceX, the agency now has ordered four such missions from Boeing and SpaceX for crew transportation to and from the ISS. NASA has not formally scheduled any of those missions, or specified if Boeing or SpaceX will get the first such mission.
Both companies are making good progress on development of their commercial crew vehicles, said Phil McAlister, director of commercial spaceflight development at NASA, at the July 26 meeting. "We are grinding through a lot of these very difficult activities," he said. "Now we're in the blocking and tackling phase of the program."
He acknowledged, though, that there could be changes in those schedules as both companies run into issues. One example is Boeing, who earlier this year delayed its two test flights by several months because of technical problems, including acoustic loads on its spacecraft and Atlas 5 rocket during launch that McAlister said the company has largely resolved.
"They're in the final stages of some wind tunnel testing. They think they have a good solution," he said, which involves installing an extended skirt behind the capsule. "We think that's a pretty good solution too, but we really want to see some of that final wind tunnel test data come through."
More such problems could crop up as the companies move closer to their test flights. "Our partners are doing a great job actively building and testing their hardware. Even though they're doing a great job, I would not be surprised to see some future adjustments to their schedules," he said. "Their schedules are optimistic but achievable."
McAlister said he felt there was sufficient margin in those schedules to ensure that at least one company was certified before the Soyuz agreement expires at the end of 2018. "I think we've got some margin today so that our partners are not feeling a lot of schedule pressure," he said.
At the NASA Advisory Council meeting, though, Hale said his committee was concerned about a gap, particularly since NASA has typically had to arrange Soyuz flights two to three years in advance. "Due to the long lead time to procure Soyuz seats, a decision must be made really very shortly — before the end of 2016 — to guarantee access to the ISS in 2019," he said, "or we may be forced to reduce or possibly eliminate its crew complement."
Hale said that conclusion was an "area of concern" for his committee, but stopped short of offering a specific recommendation to NASA. "We make no recommendation here, frankly, because we don't know what the solution would be other than to say that we need a backup plan," he said.
"The future availability of Soyuz is not certain" beyond the seats NASA has purchased through 2018, McAlister said at the July 26 committee meeting. "We're going to have to continue to monitor that and see whether we're going to need, and if we can purchase, more Soyuzes."
"Были когда-то и мы рысаками!!!"

Salo

http://www.parabolicarc.com/2016/08/12/delays-coming-nasas-commercial-crew-program/
ЦитироватьMore Delays Coming for NASA's Commercial Crew Program?
Posted by Doug Messier on August 12, 2016, at 12:55 pm in News
Цитировать Eric Berger Подлинная учетная запись ‏@SciGuySpace
What I am hearing regarding NASA's commercial crew program: There is a "decent" chance a single, crewed mission will fly in 2018.
12:30 - 10 авг. 2016 г.
I asked Eric what he meant by this Tweet. He said he was referring to a crewed test flight of either SpaceX's Dragon or Boeing's CST-100 sometime by the end of 2018. That would push back the first commercial mission into 2019.

 The current schedules, which the space agency presented to the NASA Advisory Council (NAC) late last month, are shown above. Below are the key milestones for each company with their current and original schedules.
 
Boeing CST-100 Starliner
Current Schedule
 
    [/li]
  • December 2017: Flight test without crew
  • February 2018: Flight test with crew
  • May 2018: Certification review for commercial flights
Original Schedule
 
    [/li]
  • January 2017: Orbital flight test (OFT) flight test readiness review (FTRR)
  • March 2017: Crewed flight test readiness review
  • August 2017: Certification review for commercial flights
SpaceX Crew Dragon
Current Schedule
 
    [/li]
  • May 2017: Flight test without crew
  • August 2017: Flight test with crew
  • October 2017: Certification review for commercial flights
Original Schedule
 
    [/li]
  • March 2016: Fight test without crew
  • October 2016: Flight test with crew
  • April 2017: Certification review for commercial flights
Note that Boeing did not give months for its two CST-100 Starliner flight tests; instead, it showed readiness reviews that would precede these missions. Based on the current schedule shown in the table above, we can infer that flights would have followed within a month or so of the reviews.
Boeing's certification review, which would allow it to begin commercial flights, has slipped about nine months from August 2017 to May 2018. Boeing officials said they have been dealing acoustic load and weight issues with the capsule. They have said the weight is under control, and engineers are testing a solution for the acoustic load problem.
SpaceX has slipped 14 months on its first Dragon flight without a crew and 10 months on the crewed flight. Certification would occur in October 2017, only six months behind the original plan.
Phil McAlister, NASA's Director of Commercial Spaceflight, told the NAC last month that the current schedules are "optimistic but achievable."
NAC members expressed their concern that NASA could face a gap in accessing the station if there are further delays in the program. The space agency has only contracted with Russia for seats on the Soyuz spacecraft through 2018.
During a Q&A earlier this week with two NASA astronauts assigned to the commercial crew program, Commercial Crew Program Manager Kathy Lueders gave a vague answer about the progress of the two companies.
 
ЦитироватьWhat is the progress of the Commercial Crew Program?
I think people forget about the time frame and how short the time has been that our partners have been working on the final development of their spacecraft. We awarded the contracts in September 2014. Right now, the companies are in the midst of this grueling periods of getting their vehicles together and getting their structural test articles together. We're getting ready for flight tests. Most importantly, we're getting there as fast as we can safely fly.
Unlike during previous rounds of Commercial Crew Program funding, NASA is not issuing press releases each time a company has successfully completed a milestone. There were fewer schedule during these earlier phases.
"Были когда-то и мы рысаками!!!"

Salo

#164
http://www.parabolicarc.com/2016/09/01/nasa-oig-report-delays-commercial-crews-payments-russians/
ЦитироватьNASA OIG Report: Further Delays in Commercial Crew, More Payments to Russians
Posted by Doug Messier on September 1, 2016, at 11:24 am                         

 An audit by the NASA Inspector General released today indicates that the commercial crew program will likely delayed further due to technical and administrative challenges at significant cost to U.S. taxpayers.
Synopsis
 
    [/li]
  • First commercial crew flights likely to slip to late 2018 — 3 years beyond original schedule
  • Boeing and SpaceX facing significant design challenges, including CST-100 weight and excess seawater seeping into the Dragon capsule
  • "Significant" delays in NASA evaluation of partner safety and hazard reviews and reports
  • NASA to pay additional $490 million ($82 million per seat) for astronaut transport on Russian Soyuz through 2018
Below is a summary from the report. Read the full audit here.

 
Report Excerpt

What We Found
The Commercial Crew Program continues to face multiple challenges that will likely delay the first routine flight carrying NASA astronauts to the ISS until late 2018 – more than 3 years after NASA's original 2015 goal. While past funding shortfalls have contributed to the delay, technical challenges with the contractors' spacecraft designs are now driving the schedule slippages. For Boeing, these include issues relating to the effects of vibrations generated during launch and challenges regarding vehicle mass. For SpaceX, delays resulted from a change in capsule design to enable a water-based rather than ground-based landing and related concerns about the capsule taking on excessive water.
Moreover, both companies must satisfy NASA's safety review process to ensure they meet Agency human-rating requirements. As part of the certification process, Boeing and SpaceX conduct safety reviews and report to NASA on potential hazards and their plans for mitigating risks. We found significant delays in NASA's evaluation and approval of these hazard reports and related requests for variances from NASA requirements that increase the risk costly redesign work may be required late in development, which could further delay certification. Although NASA's goal is to complete its review within 8 weeks of receipt of a hazard report, the contractors told us reviews can take as long as 6 months. We also found NASA does not monitor the overall timeliness of its safety review process.
Given delays in the Commercial Crew Program, NASA has extended its contract with Roscosmos for astronaut transportation through 2018 at an additional cost of $490 million or $82 million a seat for six more seats. If the Program experiences additional delays, NASA may need to buy additional seats from Russia to ensure a continued U.S. presence on the ISS.

What We Recommended
To improve NASA's oversight of the Commercial Crew Program, we recommended the Associate Administrator for Human Exploration and Operations (1) implement procedures to monitor the timeliness of NASA's review process for hazard reports to help reduce risk to the Program's schedule and (2) coordinate with Boeing and SpaceX to document a path to timely resolution for variance requests and hazard reports that have exceeded the review period goals. In response to a draft of this report, NASA managers concurred with our first recommendation and described responsive corrective actions. Therefore, the recommendation is resolved and will be closed upon verification and completion of those actions.
NASA management partially concurred with our second recommendation, agreeing coordination with its commercial partners is necessary to ensure hazard reports and variance requests are addressed at the appropriate time and stating it will continue to have weekly discussions with the companies to develop a path for timely resolution. However, we believe NASA needs to take additional action to ensure timely review of hazard reports and avoid the possibility of costly redesign late in the development schedule. Therefore, this recommendation is unresolved pending further discussion with Agency officials.
"Были когда-то и мы рысаками!!!"

Quооndo

Я же говорил. Об этом еще вчера стало известно. После 1-го сентября в НАСА все офигели. Когда узнали объем разрушений стартового комплекса после взрыва Фалькона с израильским спутником уже 2 сентября было ясно что задержек не избежать и по неофициальным каналам сообщили в Роскосмос что и дальше будут сотрудничать с нами по поставке американо-евро-японо-канадских астронавтов на МКС. 3 сентября об этом объявили официально. Самое главное что эта авария не столь сильно сказывается на самих программах НАСА сколько в кратскосрочном плане на Спэйс Х и поставке грузов на МКС. Теперь одна надежда на японцев и Антарес с нашими движками)). Регулярные отправки Дрэгонов к МКС начнуться не раньше первой половины следующего года (хотя это понятие растяжимое). нужен один дополнительный пуск Фалькона. Очень серьезные вопросы к пилотажке так как концепция заправки топливом РН при сидящих астронавтах не выдерживает никакой критики (пока что).
реально жаль что в мировой космонавтике происходят такие происшествия и сожалею о трудах американских инженеров, но реально в то же время не могу не нарадоваться нашим союзом.

Дмитрий Виницкий

Гм, а бывает заправка без астронавтов?
+35797748398

Quооndo

У нас Союзы вначале заправляют

triage

#168
Достал товарищ программирующий реальность - реальных заявлений нет, а он кучу сообщений оставил.
Дата статьи 1 сентября, а он тут расказывает про события 2 и 3 сентября.

Само заявление комиссии https://oig.nasa.gov/audits/reports/FY16/IG-16-028.pdf
в заявлении
ЦитироватьNASA to pay additional $490 million ($82 million per seat) for astronaut transport on Russian Soyuz through 2018 
Читаем
Цитироватьpnetmon пишет:
К вопросу до какого заплатили
ЦитироватьМаршрутка до МКС за $3,4 млрд, или почему американцы плачут и платят
 Андрей Гридасов
 https://life.ru/403438

5 мая 2016

 Роскосмос регулярно поднимает ценники для США — с 2006 года билеты для астронавтов подорожали в четыре раза
....
По данным федерального портала госзакупок США, самый свежий денежный транш от NASA Роскосмосу датируется 28 марта 2016 года — Америка исправно платит за доставку астронавтов к своему сегменту МКС, и это обходится всё дороже. Как рассказали Лайфу в NASA, за последние десять лет полёты на орбиту подорожали в четыре раза — с $21,8 млн с астронавта до $81,9 млн.
Спойлер
...
В первую январскую неделю 2013 года, когда в России праздновали Рождество, президент США Барак Обама принял трудное решение: он поставил окончательную подпись под законом конгресса, разрешающим NASA до 2020 года платить Роскосмосу ежегодно сотни миллионов долларов за доставку астронавтов на МКС.
...
.— Американцы тогда внимательно изучали технологии, которые затем использовали для строительства своего модуля МКС, — рассказывает Андрей Ионин. — Самое смешное то, что деньги были возвратные: Роскосмос много лет бесплатно возил астронавтов на "Союзах", отрабатывая этот кредит. Только с 2006 года США стали платить России живые деньги за доставку астронавтов и грузов на орбиту "Прогрессами" и "Союзами" ( в NASA Лайфу уточнили, что отдельно не платят за перевозку грузов "Прогрессами" ) .
....
Сейчас работают две схемы доставки на МКС: в первом случае космический экипаж состоит из двух русских и одного иностранца, а в другом — наоборот. Обновление экипажа МКС происходит раз в три месяца — это четыре полёта на "Союзе" в год. Таким образом, Роскосмос продаёт иностранцам шесть мест в год.
 В Роскосмосе отказались отвечать на вопросы о финансовом аспекте сотрудничества с США, но в NASA дали выкладки.
[свернуть]
— Полная стоимость контракта на 2018 год — 491 172 275 долларов за шесть мест , — сообщил Лайфу представитель NASA Дэниел Хуот. — США приобретают места в "Союзах" для астронавтов NASA и международных агентств (европейское ESA, канадское CSA, японское JAXA), они потом компенсируются бартером. Четыре рейса в год: на двух по астронавту NASA, на двух — по одному астронавту и одному партнёру из международных агентств, итого шесть мест. В контракт входят приземление и спасение экипажа в 2019 году, вплоть до 31 декабря 2020 года , все необходимые тренировки и подготовка к запуску и полёту, доставка некоторого багажа экипажа до и от станции, а также дополнительные услуги, связанные с запусками и приземлениями.
Спойлер
Хуот привёл данные по перечислениям NASA Роскосмосу с 2006 года, и вышло, что с тех пор транспортировка подорожала вчетверо (кумулятивная инфляция — 276%):
 
Итого — $3,4 млрд. Для понимания, последний транш в полмиллиарда долларов — это около трети годового бюджетного финансирования Федеральной космической программы на 2016—2025 годы (104 млрд рублей). На вопрос о том, как Роскосмос обосновывал увеличение цен (при том что доллар с 2006 года девальвировал на 18%, рубль — на 145%), представитель NASA только констатировал, что у Штатов нет выбора.

"NASA нужно обеспечить доставку с помощью квалифицированного подрядчика для поддержания работы многомиллиардного актива и для выполнения обязательств NASA перед российскими, канадскими, европейскими и японскими партнерами . Таким образом, NASA необходимо приобретать места на «Союзах»" — представитель NASA Дэниел Хуот
....
[свернуть]
указанные в отчете цифры уже фигурировали в мае.

silentpom

а боинг сертифицировал ракетоносители (оба или только атлас?) как human-rated?

knezevolk

ЦитироватьQuооndo пишет:
3 сентября об этом объявили официально.
Где объявили? Ссылку.
И действительно, хватит бред во все ветки нести.

Quооndo

Цитироватьknezevolk пишет:
Где объявили? Ссылку.
Да нет у меня ссылки сейчас под рукой.

knezevolk

ЦитироватьQuооndo пишет:
Да нет у меня ссылки сейчас под рукой.
Ее во всем интернете нет потому что.
И вызывает вопрос - почему вы так активно настаиваете на своей дезинформации.

Apollo13

Цитироватьsilentpom пишет:
а боинг сертифицировал ракетоносители (оба или только атлас?) как human-rated?

Только Атлас. В процессе.

testest2

ИМХО Quооndo стоило бы забанить за намеренную дезинформацию. Весь форум по всем разделам забросал своими выдумками.
законспирированный рептилоид

triage

#175
Мельком пролистал pdf смотря картинки - оказывается в крайний календарный год 7 мест (в 2017 - 5 мест)
 https://oig.nasa.gov/audits/reports/FY16/IG-16-028.pdf 
стр 20

ЦитироватьRussian Crew Transportation Services Have Been Costly 

Until a domestic commercial crew capacity is available, NASA will continue to rely on Russia to transport crew to the ISS. As shown in Figure 4, the roundtrip cost for a seat on the Soyuz has increased approximately 384 percent over the last decade from $21.3 million in 2006 to $81.9 million under the most recent contract modification signed in August 2015. Under the 2015 contract, NASA will pay approximately $491.2 million for six seats in 2018. 

Table 3 shows the total number of Soyuz seats NASA has contracted for and the total cost of those seats by calendar year. 
 
a  The 2018 amount includes six seats purchased in the August 2015 contract modification as well as an additional seat purchased in an April 2014 contract modification. 

Had the Agency met its original goal of securing commercial crew transportation by calendar year 2015, NASA could have avoided paying Russia close to $1 billion for Soyuz seats in 2017 and 2018, even factoring in the purchase of some seats in 2016 to cover the expected transition period.

Salo

"Были когда-то и мы рысаками!!!"

Salo

"Были когда-то и мы рысаками!!!"

Salo

http://spacenews.com/commercial-crew-companies-emphasize-safety-over-schedule/#sthash.NDozi0l1.dpuf
ЦитироватьCommercial crew companies emphasize safety over schedule
by Jeff Foust — September 14, 2016
 
Technical problems could delay the beginning of regular flights by SpaceX's Crew Dragon (left) and Boeing's CST-100 Starliner until at least late 2018. Credit: SpaceX artist's concept and Boeing  
 
LONG BEACH, Calif. — In the wake of a launch accident and a critical report, the two companies with NASA commercial crew contracts say they're committed to maintaining their development schedules, but not at the expense of safety.
During a panel session at the AIAA Space 2016 conference here Sept. 14, officials with Boeing, SpaceX and NASA went to great lengths to emphasize they would not rush the development and test flights of crewed vehicles despite a desire to have at least one company's system ready to start ferrying astronauts to and from the ISS before the end of 2018.
Prior to the Sept. 1 pad accident that destroyed a Falcon 9 rocket and its satellite payload, SpaceX had planned to perform a demonstration mission of its Crew Dragon spacecraft to the International Space Station without a crew as soon as May 2017, with a crewed demo mission to follow later in the year. But at the conference, Benji Reed, director of crew mission management at SpaceX, declined to give estimated dates for those missions.
"Our focus is getting able to fly again soon from our overall fleet perspective," he said of returning the Falcon 9 to flight. That investigation is not affecting various commercial crew activities, he added. "We're full steam ahead on crew, while we listen to the data and understand what's going on."
However, he did not commit to even approximate schedules for those key demo flights, or when he expected NASA to certify the Crew Dragon for operational missions. "We need to get that capability going, and we need to do it right," he said. "We'll fly when we're ready."
Kathy Lueders, NASA commercial crew program manager, said her program is participating in the accident investigation team established by SpaceX after the pad explosion. NASA's ISS and launch services programs are also represented on the team, which is led by SpaceX and also includes the U.S. Air Force and Federal Aviation Administration.
Chris Ferguson, deputy program manager for commercial crew at Boeing, restated a schedule for development of the CST-100 Starliner that the company has been reporting for several months. That plan includes an uncrewed flight test in late 2017 and a crewed flight test in February 2018. That schedule, he said, would allow the CST-100 to be certified in time for an operational mission in June 2018.
That schedule is more optimistic than an assessment in a Sept. 1 report by NASA's Office of Inspector General. That report found issues delaying development of commercial crew vehicles at both companies, and concluded that it was unlikely either would be certified to carry NASA astronauts before late 2018.
"It's a very aggressive schedule," Ferguson acknowledged of Boeing's plans. "We're optimistic that we're going to meet the deadline, but we'll fly when we're ready, and that's really what it comes down to. And if it takes a couple of extra months to ensure we have a safe vehicle, we'll do just that."
Both Ferguson and Reed discussed the technical progress they are making with their commercial crew efforts, including a series of tests of various spacecraft components. Those efforts also include finalizing upgrades to launch sites in Florida for crewed Atlas 5 and Falcon 9 launches, which both said are nearing completion to support those missions, whenever they take place.
"Obviously, from a commercial crew program standpoint it's really important that we make sure that we are all ready to fly when we feel like it's safe to fly our crews," Lueders said. "We've been working schedules, and the goal is to fly as quickly as we safely can, with a goal to fly in 2018."
"Были когда-то и мы рысаками!!!"

Quооndo

Вот конечно печально для кого-то но с другой стороны повод погордиться нашей страной и нашими Союзами. В НАСА очень много вопросов к Фалькону после последней аварии поэтому полеты Дрэгона с большой долей вероятности переносятся на 2019-й год да и Боинг под вопросом. вполне возможно регулярные полеты начнутся только после 2020-го года. Там не менее уже 6 лет и еще как минимум 2 года все будут летать на МКС только на Союзах. Итого, 7-8 лет минимум на КК разработанном в середине 60-х. Серьезный повод задуматься о техническом заделе и потенциале конструкции разработанной в середине ХХ в 50 лет назад. Вопрос к инженерам, о том что с тех пор кардинального изменилось.
P,S  в клуарах НАСА поговаривают, что после 2020-го года будет разработана новая программа CCiCap 2. Называться конечно возможно будет по другому. Но это в принципе логичный шаг.