SpaceX будет разрабатывать спутники в Сиэтле

[Apollo13]

https://twitter.com/planet4589/status/1133911648006283265?s=20

One Starlink item from Gwynne's talk:  56 of the payloads are working well.  4 of them are misbehaving in some way but are nevertheless in communication.

[кукушка]

Just A. Tinker:
— Илон подсказал нам, как происходит развёртывание спутников Starlink: 10 или около того спутников, летящих в конце "поезда", — это те, которые поднимают свои орбиты. Более высокая орбита = медленная скорость.
|
Elon Musk:
— Да.

Scott Manley:
— Солнечные панели используются как солнечные паруса? Радиационное давление повлияет на высоту орбиты спутников?
|
Elon Musk:
— Лишь немного. Атмосферы на этой высоте ещё достаточно, чтобы воздействовать на спутники и производить некоторое отклонение от курса.

Quiet Villager:
— Я верю, что Starlink будет чем-то хорошим, но что насчет задержки в мультиплеерных-видеоиграх?
|
Elon Musk:
— Первоначально система рассчитана на задержку менее 20 мс, со временем уменьшится до 10 мс с гораздо большей согласованностью, чем у наземных каналов сети, всего несколько коротких промежуточных линий до крупных дата-центров.

Wentai Wang:
— Посмотрим правде в глаза, геймеры являются причиной, почему видеокарты сейчас настолько развиты. 
|
Elon Musk:
— Это правда. Я сам геймер и мои парни тоже [ред. — сыновья Маска]. Starlink отлично подходит даже для соревновательных игр, где нужна быстрая реакция. 

SPEXcast:
— Увидим ли мы демонстрацию киберспортивного турнира, сыгранного через Starlink?
|
Elon Musk:
— Хорошая идея!

Elon Musk:
— На орбите находится 4900 спутников, на которые люди обращают ~ 0% внимания. Никто не увидит спутники Starlink, если не будет внимательно искать их взглядом, и они окажут ~ 0% влияния на наблюдения в астрономии. В любом случае науке нужно вывести телескопы на орбиту. Турбулентности атмосферы — это ужасно.
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Elon Musk:
— Если нам понадобится изменить ориентацию спутника, чтобы минимизировать отражение Солнца во время важных астрономических экспериментов, это легко сделать. Большинство орбитальных объектов находятся близко к Земле, как показано на этой карте от NASA [ред. — 2-я картинка].

Stephen Bates:
— Похоже, радиоастрономы также обеспокоены радиочастотной полосой, в которой работает Starlink. Я совершенно не знаю, как они работают, но есть ли диапазон частот на выбор? Можно ли минимизировать сбои при передаче радиосигнала?
|
Elon Musk:
— Да, уже запланировано. Мы избегаем использования определенных более низких частот Ku-диапазона специально для избегания проблем в радиоастрономии.

Cosmic Penguin:
— Пожалуйста, рассмотрите, есть ли способы уменьшить отраженный свет от последующих спутников Starlink, так как они кажутся более блестящими / с более высоким альбедо, чем другие спутники. Спасибо!
|
Elon Musk:
— Согласен, на прошлой неделе отправил письмо команде Starlink, в частности об уменьшении альбедо. Мы получим лучшее представление об этом, когда спутники будут подняты на рабочие орбиты и будут массово отражать свет.

Fraser Cain:
— Но, если вы сможете поставить несколько космических телескопов на шасси Starlink, я уверен, что это сгладит ситуацию с астросообществом. Тем более, что они смогут быстро вернуть данные через Starlink.
|
Elon Musk:
— Да, мы хотели бы сделать именно это.

Маск запостил пустой ангар с названием Аэрокосмический музей

[Apollo13]

https://www.reddit.com/r/spacex/comments/bzoenc/starlink_infos_from_tesla_shareholder_day/

Some facts from Elon. Most already known, but a few things are very reassuring. (Taken from https://youtu.be/Va5i42D13cI?t=4020)

[/li]
• The most advanced phased array antenna in the world, including military
• Size of medium pizza initially. Can be made smaller
• Tesla vehicles will use cellular for the foreseeable future
• Value of starlink is to provide low-latency, high-bandwidth internet access to the sparse and moderately sparse and relatively low density areas.
• Rural and semi-rural placed that don't have any or any adequate internet access are optimal
• 3% - 5% of people in the world are targeted
• Not well suited for high density cities
  

​
The fact that he directly says it is not suited for high density cities is actually good news. That means they positioned it financially to be a money maker from the potential 3-5% that could use it and it still makes sense for them. Which is quite interesting since I heard a number of people here saying starlink will directly compete with normal ISPs and I never saw that just based on the number of satellites and their prospective bandwidth. This way, the system makes financial sense right away and can be extended over time.

[Apollo13]

https://twitter.com/TMFAssociates/status/1159123096365912066?s=20

As I noted in May, it was rumored that some sensing payloads were included on the initial satellites, which is why approval was so quick (link: http://tmfassociates.com/blog/2019/05/09/backing-winners/) tmfassociates.com/blog/2019/05/0... 

[Apollo13]

SpaceX Starlink satellite broadband progress via job postings

Space IT Bridge has sent several requests for information and clarification of key features to SpaceX about its Starlink satellite broadband project, with the first request made in May 2019 after the company's press conference prior to the launch of 60 satellites. The most recent media request was sent in September, with the same "We'll get back to you" followed by no answers. More reliable sources of information include Elon Musk's occasional Tweets, an occasional public speaking appearance by a SpaceX executive documented by the media, Federal Communications Commission (FCC) filings unearthed by reporters such as Mark Harris, and job postings.


The issue with using SpaceX job postings to infer key details on Starlink progress is hiring could for backfilling a position where someone is departing the company. It doesn't provide a reliable gauge of forward progress or a total number of personnel working on a project. However, hires do indicate areas where SpaceX is working and provide details and confirmations as to the company's direction and approach on a technical and go to market level.


As previously noted in media reports, Starlink satellite design and construction appears to be taking place around Redmond (Seattle), WA with SpaceX looking for mechanical designers; senior software designers for its laser communications team; supplier development engineer for procurement; manufacturing engineer for satellites interfacing between engineering, design teams and production to "iterate on the design and ramp into the manufacturing phase"; purchasing coordinator; supply chain manager; and software engineer for Starlink Network.


The key reveal among the Redmond hires is the nascent status of optical communications crosslinks for the Starlink systems. "As a software engineer on the Starlink lasers communications team, you will be creating software that is used to design, develop, launch and operate SpaceX's laser communication software. This initiative is a first of its kind for SpaceX and will involve building completely new technologies from scratch. No aerospace experience is required for this role, rather a proficiency in embedded C++ development and a passion for engineering – this is a perfect match for someone who enjoys R&D work, solving hard problems, and isn't afraid of ambiguous problems," states the job posting.


Optical-crosslinks onboard satellites were an early technology emphasis for Starlink, providing "faster than fiber" speeds by relaying data between satellites overhead rather than having in part to use ground stations and fiber for moving information around. In SpaceX May 2019 press conference, Musk said optical cross-links had been removed from the initial generation of satellites and would be rolled back in on a future iteration.


Discussions with other LEO satellite broadband firms have indicated optical cross-link hardware has not reached the production and price points necessary to make it a near-term viable option, but the technology is expected to be integral to Telesat and LeoSat satellites when they expect to start launching in 2021.


Is SpaceX bound by the same supply and maturity limitations as the rest of the industry? It is unlikely Starlink will introduce optical cross-links until mid-2020 at the bleeding-edge earliest with late 2020 or early 2021 a more reasonable arrival date.


While a lot of Starlink work is taking place in Redmond, WA, a surge of activities appears to be taking place in and around the company's headquarters in Hawthorne (Los Angeles) CA.   The company is looking for a Senior FPGA engineer and a separate FPGA engineer to work at facilities in Irvine, CA. Few other details are listed in the job postings, but work would presumably be around parts for an electronically steerable flat-panel antenna.


The majority of job listing based in Hawthorne are around the construction and production of the Starlink user terminal and customer facing service organizations, plus a few executive sales personnel.


Building a satellite user terminal in house is a path service companies rarely do on their own, instead working with an established ecosystem of vendors and suppliers to provide equipment. SpaceX has a number of positions they need to fill to build end-user equipment, including an RF test engineer; manufacturing engineer; SMT process engineer; manufacturing specialist and a couple of software engineers to "Write high quality structured bare metal and Linux-based software for embedded processors (e.g. ARM, PowerPC, x86, etc.)" and "Develop solutions to bridge the gap between OS platform software, flight software, antenna software, and modem software." In addition, there's an opening for a senior software engineer for "Starlink Mobile" to write and certify mobile apps and the company's mobile portal to manage accounts and Internet access.


Job listings for the satellite user terminal talk about deploying "millions of devices," "that will sit in our customers' homes" and "high volume consumer electronics for communicating with our satellites," indicating mass production of end-user hardware is planned. However, the hardware hasn't been built, much less piloted and the software seems to be in a similar to-be-written state.


Both the SMT process engineer and manufacturing specialist are tasked with building a pilot line for the User Terminal that will "eventually ramp to full scale production" for those millions of devices. SpaceX FCC filings call for, depending on what the final FCC configuration is permitted and how fast it can put satellite into orbit, offering service to at least the Northern United States by the end of 2020 and perhaps all of the U.S. by 2020, with the entire world available for service in 2021.


User Terminals would have to be piloted quickly, within the first half of 2020, to ramp to full scale production by the end of 2020 or the first quarter of 2021, assuming no major issues with hiring, the pilot User Terminal build line, and scaling according, along with no problems with the orbital network.


Elon Musk has previously stated providing a $250ish user terminal to customers that could be easily shipped and self-installed in a best-case scenario, but this figure is likely an aspirational goal after one or more full years of production; alternatively, Starlink could subsidize/underwrite terminal hardware costs through recurring service fees or lease the equipment as a part of the month service cost.


Perhaps the two most important hires Starlink is looking to fill from an operational standpoint are the Director of Starlink Network Operations and the Head of Starlink Customer Support and Field Service Operations. The Director of Network Operations (DNO) is in charge of keeping Starlink broadband service up and running on a global scale, with responsibility for networks, user-facing software (all the guys to be hired above), and service.


"The director will need to be both technical and strategic, with the ability to scale systems and operations with a focus on automation and innovation," says the job description, with DNO responsible overall 24×7 operations from customer equipment (the aforementioned User Terminal) connecting to the constellation, terrestrial connections, and peering and handoff to the rest of the internet. The position will be in charge of measuring and maintaining the uptime and performance of the network along with measuring and maintaining service level agreements (SLA), plus support the implementation and growth/scale to the network – keep in mind, the initial deployment of 1,400 or so satellites could sale up to 12,000 or more – the latest SpaceX ITU filings requested permits for up to an additional 30,000 (!) satellites.


DNO has his/her/they work cut out for them, but the Head of Global Customer Support and Field Service Operations won't be a walk in the park, either. The position reports directly to the Vice President of Starlink and Commercial Sales and will have to build a customer service team from scratch, including processes and procedures for initial deployment and setup through training and troubleshooting. This team "may relocate as needs demand."


Responsibilities include establishing call center operations and online customer platforms, hiring and developing a "foundational" team of customer support managers, establishing training programs for customer support representatives and managers to ensure consistent brand voice, positioning and revolution, and establishing a field support strategy.


The phrase "Field Service Operations" implies technicians driving out to a customer site to install equipment while Musk has suggested the gear is easy enough to install that it can simply be shipped to a customer site and setup in a short time. Enterprise and other high-value customers will most likely require technicians to install and service equipment, but it isn't clear how or if Starlink plans to do installations down to the home/consumer level. If Starlink does do installations at the home/consumer level, it isn't clear if the company plans to train and own its own installation group a la the solar panel group at Tesla or to contract this out – maybe to someone like Tesla's solar panel group. Regardless, "truck rolls" are expensive and the farther out you go into rural areas, the more expensive the truck roll gets.


Finally, no large-scale service organization build is complete without some sales executive. The Director of Enterprise Sales would "lead the charge on one or more enterprise verticals," partnering with technical teams to respond to specific customer needs. Verticals on the radar include the usual suspects, plus a curve ball – maritime, aviation, telecom, energy, oil and gas (which is also energy, SpaceX), mobile and foreign governments. Selling satellite gear to foreign governments could be challenging given issues with ITAR and general technology.


Enterprise Sales would be expected to spend a "minimum of 50% travel" in support of a designed sales vertical and would also "represent SpaceX in various forums and impart detailed information about SpaceX."


Director of Government Sales, the other executive position, requires a top secret clearance, so work with the U.S. military is the minimum expectation along with responding to the usual government RFPs and other solicitations. There's also the requirement to "shape customer opportunities to fit Starlink product offerings" as well as representing SpaceX at various forums.

[Max Andriyahov]

Маск отправил сообщение в твитор через старлинк:

[кукушка]

В каментах за оборудование  ничего не говорили? Не с телефона же он к спутнику подключился?

[Max Andriyahov]

там 700+ комментов, подробностей пока нет

[Ну-и-ну]

Самый дорогой твит в истории человечества.

[Astro Cat]

Он лучше бы сказал когда вторая партия пойдет на запуск. Должны были 3 дня назад по планам и тишина.

[DiZed]

кукушка написал:
В каментах за оборудование  ничего не говорили? Не с телефона же он к спутнику подключился?

вероятно, пока через их наземные станции обмена траффиком, не через индивидуальный терминал; просто мостик на спутник и обратно

[Ну-и-ну]

Astro Cat написал:
Он лучше бы сказал когда вторая партия пойдет на запуск. Должны были 3 дня назад по планам и тишина.

Согласно источникам NSF, пока ноябрь.

[Apollo13]

https://spacenews.com/spacex-plans-to-start-offering-starlink-broadband-services-in-2020/

SpaceX plans to start offering Starlink broadband services in 2020

by Sandra Erwin — October 22, 2019

SpaceX President and Chief Operating Office Gwynne Shotwell. Credit: SpaceNewsSpaceX president Gwynne Shotwell said the goal is to complete six to eight Starlink launches to get sufficient coverage to start offering the service to consumers in 2020.
WASHINGTON — SpaceX is confident it can start offering broadband service in the United States via its Starlink constellation in mid-2020, the company's president and chief operating officer Gwynne Shotwell said Oct. 22.


Getting there will require the company to launch six to eight batches of satellites, Shotwell told reporters during a media roundtable. SpaceX also has to finish the design and engineering of the user terminals, which is not a minor challenge, Shotwell acknowledged.




SpaceX CEO Elon Musk has a Starlink terminal at his house and he used it to send a tweet early on Oct. 22."Sending this tweet through space via Starlink satellite," he tweeted to his 29 million followers. "Whoa, it worked!!"


Shotwell said SpaceX will need to complete six to eight Starlink launches — including the one that already took place in May — to ensure continuous service in upper and lower latitude bands. "We need 24 launches to get global coverage," she said. "Every launch after that gives you more capacity."


The company caused a stir last week when it requested the International Telecommunication Union to approve spectrum for 30,000 additional Starlink satellites to build the world's largest low-Earth orbit broadband constellation. This was in addition to 12,000 already approved by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission.


Shotwell said SpaceX is not certain that will need that many satellites. Far fewer are needed for global coverage but the company wants extra spacecraft to be able to offer customers customized service options. Starlink is a mesh network of satellites connected to each other by space lasers.


"We'll continue to upgrade the network until mid to late next year," said Shotwell. "We're hoping for 24 launches by the end of next year."


Shotwell said many of the Starlink features are being tested by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory under a program called Global Lightning. SpaceX in December 2018 received a $28 million contract to test over the next three years different ways in which the military might use Starlink broadband services. So far, SpaceX has demonstrated data throughout of 610 megabits per second in flight to the cockpit of a U.S. military C-12 twin-engine turboprop aircraft.


SpaceX wants to offer the service to the U.S. government but is now focused on how it will serve the consumer market. Many of the details of how the service will be rolled out remain to be worked out, she said. When possible it will be offered directly to consumers following Musk's Tesla model for selling cars. In many countries the company will be required to partner with local telecom firms to offer the service.


Shotwell recognized a lot of this is uncharted territory for SpaceX. "This is very different business for SpaceX," she said. "It's leveraging space technology but it's a consumer business."


She said Starlink is considered "additive to our business," meaning that it will not replace space launch services as SpaceX's primary source of revenue.


SpaceX will have to hire a whole new workforce to deal with sales, tech support and product engineering. User terminals are a major concern. "The more engineering we do on the user terminal, the less service people we will have to hire," said Shotwell, Terminals are one aspect of the Starlink business that the company has to "get right," she said.


When consumers sign up, "they are going to receive a box fr om SpaceX" with a user terminal and a cord, said Shotwell. How that gets connected and wh ere the terminals should be placed in someone's home are still issues to be ironed out. "We still have a lot to do to get that right," said Shotwell. "Knowing Elon, he wants everything to be beautiful. So the user terminal will be beautiful."


The price point is also being studied. Shotwell said millions of people in the U.S. pay $80 per month to get "crappy service." She didn't say whether Starlink will cost more or less than $80 per month but suggested that would be a segment of the public the company would target as well as rural areas that currently have no connectivity.


Outside the United States, SpaceX is working nation by nation to get authorization to offer the service. "Every country has its own process," said Shotwell.


The terminals today are being produced at SpaceX's factory in Hawthorne, California. But mass manufacturing in the future will move to a different location Shotwell declined to name.


SpaceX is racing to get Starlink in operation as several other companies continue to build competing broadband constellations. Shotwell said there is probably room in the market for at least two competitors. "If we do well and make money, there will be competitors."


As more Starlink launches are planned, SpaceX wants to use previously flown Falcon boosters as much as possible, said Shotwell. "I think we'll manage the fleet how best we manage the fleet," she said. "Our intent is to use Starlink to push the capability of those boosters and see how many missions they can do."


A single Falcon booster was designed for 10 flights. The next Starlink mission scheduled in mid-November will be launched by a booster on its fourth flight.


Since SpaceX started returning boosters in 2015, 44 first stages were recovered: 26 at sea and 18 on land. So far 23 of the recovered boosters have flown.

[Georgea]

Кое-что из статьи выше:

 - Хотят начать коммерческую экплуатацию уже в середине 20 года. Для этого требуются (еще?) 6-8 пусков; пока был сделан 1.

 - Старлинк тестировался армией США. В кабине летящего самолета выдал 610 мегабит/с.

 - Еще полно работы, в особенности по клиентским терминалам.

 - Стомость для клиентов не сообщалась, но для сравнения было названо "$80 за хреновый инет, которые платят куча народа в США".

 - Ожидается, что рынка хватит по крайней мере для двух конкурирующих спутниковых низкоорбитальных систем.

 - На запусках для Старлинка будут  выяснять эксплуатационные пределы многоразовых бустеров Фалькона-9. Уже в  ноябре должен состояться первый пуск бустера в четвертый раз.

[Alex-DX]

https://fcc.report/IBFS/SAT-MOD-20181108-00083
http://licensing.fcc.gov/myibfs/download.do?attachment_key=1158350

[Alex-DX]

.

[Alex-DX]

Специалисты военно-воздушных сил США провели испытания системы Starlink и заявили, что довольны результатами.
ВВС США выделили нескольким компаниям средства на разработку инфраструктуры для работы с перспективными спутниковыми системами связи.
Работы идут в рамках программы «Военные эксперименты с использованием коммерческого космического интернета» (DEUCSI, Defense Experimentation Using the Commercial Space Internet). В 2019 году на программу было выделено $216 млн, из них SpaceX получил на испытания Starlink $28 млн. В ходе испытаний через систему Starlink был организован канал связи с пропускной способностью 610 Мбит/с с борта вертолета, сообщает Space News.

В конце октября 2019 года SpaceX объявил о передаче сообщения в твиттер Илона Маска посредством системы Starlink. Также было заявлено о запуске сервиса в США в середине 2020 года.

В июне 2019 года OneWeb объявил, что в ходе испытаний первых шести спутников группировки была достигнута скорость передачи данных в 400 Мбит/с с задержкой в 40 мс.

Руководитель программы DEUCSI Брайан Бил (Brian Beal) заявил, что пропускная способность Starlink значительно выше, чем у других провайдеров, работающих для ВВС США. Он добавил, что не может раскрыть конкретные данные сравнения Starlink с другими системами. В конце 2019 года и в начале 2020 года планируется проведение эксперимента по установке терминала Starlink на транспортный самолет и самолет-заправщик.

В декабре SpaceX получил контракт на 28 миллионов долларов на подключение Starlink к военным платформам и оценку производительности сервиса. Также в рамках программы DEUCSI проводится тестирование сервиса Iridium Certus, на которое выделено $2,5 млн.

Руководитель научной группы ВВС США Грег Спанджерс (Greg Spanjers ) заявил, что по программе DEUCSI были проведены эксперименты с системами Starlink, Iridium, OneWeb, Telesat и O3B. Он добавил, что их группа изучила планы развертывания услуг операторами и пришла к выводу что Министерство обороны США может извлечь большую выгоду из конкуренции между несколькими системами. Также он отметил, что представленные операторами тарифы значительно ниже того, что платят военные за спутниковую связь сегодня.

ВВС США выделяет средства на разработку общей системы спутниковой связи с использованием низкоорбитальных группировок. Компания L3Harris получил $5,6 млн. на испытания военных наземных терминалов и обеспечение их совместимости с сервисами O3B, Starlink и Telesat. Lockheed Martin получил $3,5 млн на разработку технологии, обеспечивающей бесшовное плавное переключение между несколькими спутниковыми группировками. Компания Ball Aerospace получила контракт на $2,3 млн на проведение полевых испытаний единого терминала для связи с геостационарными, средне- и низкоорбитальными группировками.
https://telesputnik.ru/materials/tekhnika-i-tekhnologii/news/vvs-ssha-zayavili-o-sereznykh-preimushchestvakh-negeostatsionarnykh-sistem-svyazi/

https://spacenews.com/air-force-enthusiastic-about-commercial-leo-broadband-after-successful-tests/

[ОАЯ]

Так и не складывается в голове целостная картина передачи данных через эти спутники. То пишут про 17 гбит в секунду, то приводят таблицы в 2 гигабита в секунду вниз, и 500 мегабит наверз и между спутниками. То пришут про связь в 600 мегабит непонятно куда - вверх, вниз или в среднем по палате. Кстати, если низкий пинг делают за счет разбиения нормального Интернет пакета на мельчайшие фрагменты, то это просто перекладывание пролем со спутникового оборудования на наземную сеть, где эти фрагменты будут собираться. Ну и дополнительная лазейка для хакеров - достаточно организовать наплыв фрагментов с фальшивыми порядковыми номерами и сбой сети гарантирован.   

[Alex-DX]

ОАЯ написал:
Так и не складывается в голове целостная картина передачи данных через эти спутники. То пишут про 17 гбит в секунду, то приводят таблицы в 2 гигабита в секунду вниз, и 500 мегабит наверз и между спутниками. То пришут про связь в 600 мегабит непонятно куда - вверх, вниз или в среднем по палате. Кстати, если низкий пинг делают за счет разбиения нормального Интернет пакета на мельчайшие фрагменты, то это просто перекладывание пролем со спутникового оборудования на наземную сеть, где эти фрагменты будут собираться. Ну и дополнительная лазейка для хакеров - достаточно организовать наплыв фрагментов с фальшивыми порядковыми номерами и сбой сети гарантирован.    

17 гбит еще на бумаге, планируют оптическую межспутниковую связь.
 Пинг быстрее из за меньшего количества узлов по сравнению с наземной сетью.

[Alex-DX]

Нашел патент на ФАР.
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2018152439&tab=PCTBIBLIO

патенты: https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/result.jsf?_vid=P12-K2P629-42899

видимо по этой технологии сделаны антенны на первых двух прототипах
https://img.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/197884.jpg