Chandrayaan 2 -- GSLV Mk.III -- Шрихарикота -- 22.07.2019, 09:13 UTC

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https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-2-will-carry-14-payloads-to-moon-no-foreign-module-this-time/articleshow/69265687.cms

Chandrayaan-2 will carry 14 payloads to moon, no foreign module this time

Surendra Singh | TNN | Updated: May 10, 2019, 11:32 IST

NEW DELHI: Chandrayaan-2 mission involving a lander, a rover and an orbiter and whose launch is scheduled between July 9 and July 16 will carry 14 payloads. These payloads or experimental modules will be used to perform scientific tests and take images of the moon when the spacecraft reaches the lunar orbit and subsequently the lunar surface. While the orbiter will carry eight payloads, the lander called Vikram will have four and the rover named Pragyan, which will roll out on the moon's surface, will have two payloads.

Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft, whose mass will be 3.8 tonne, is expected to land on the moon on September 6, an update in Isro website says. Unlike last time when Chandrayaan-1 mission, launched in 2008, carried five foreign payloads (three from Europe and two from the US), the Rs 800 crore second mission will carry only Indian payloads.

The orbiter and lander modules will be stacked as an integrated module and accommodated inside an advanced GSLV MK-III launch vehicle. The rover will be housed inside the lander. After the launch from Sriharikota into the earth-bound orbit by GSLV MK-III between July 9 and 16, the integrated module will reach the moon orbit using an orbiter propulsion module. After a journey from the earth to the moon in 45-50 days, the module will arrive in the lunar orbit, around 100 km from the moon's surface.



Once Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft reaches the lunar orbit, Vikram will separate from the orbiter and soft-land at the predetermined site close to the south pole, which had not been explored by other countries.

Talking to TOI earlier, Isro chairman K Sivan said, "Once Vikram lands on the lunar surface on September 6, rover Prayan will come out of it and roll out on the lunar surface for 300-400 metre. It will spend 14 earth days on the moon for carrying out different scientific experiments." The rover will analyse the content of the lunar surface and send data and images back to the Earth through the orbiter within 15 minutes, he said.

The launch of India's second lunar mission was initially planned in April last year but Isro kept deferring it because of the complexities involved in the mission. In fact, the four-legged Vikram lander suffered a fracture in one of its legs during a test earlier this year. India had also almost lost the race to Israel to become the fourth country in the world after Russia, US and China to land the spacecraft on the moon. However, with Israel's Beresheet failing to land on the moon on April 12 this year, Chandrayaan-2's moon-landing on September 6, if successful, will make India the fourth country in the world to land on the moon.

Chandrayaan-2 will explore the south pole, an uncharted territory. Only China's Chang'e 4 spacecraft had recently in January landed on the moon's far side, also known as the dark side because it faces away from the Earth and remains comparatively unknown.

India's first moon mission Chandrayaan-1, which involved only an orbiter and weighed 1.4 tonne, was launched on October 22, 2008. Then the lunar craft carried 11 payloads, six from India, three from Europe and two from the US.

The payloads in Chandrayaan-2 not only discovered water on the moon but also mapped 3D topography of the moon. The spacecraft made more than 3,400 orbits around the moon during which it took hundreds of images of the moon. The Rs 386-crore Chandrayaan-1 mission concluded when the communication with the spacecraft was lost on August 29, 2009. Chandrayaan-1 operated for 312 days as opposed to the intended two years but the mission achieved 95% of its planned objectives.

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https://www.isro.gov.in/update/14-may-2019/chandrayaan-2-update

May 14, 2019

Chandrayaan - 2 Update

По сравнению с вариантом #80 от 09 мая исправлена информация о полезных нагрузках

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https://www.isro.gov.in/update/15-may-2019/benefits-of-chandrayaan-2

May 15, 2019

Benefits of Chandrayaan-2

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https://tass.ru/kosmos/6436612

16 МАЯ, 13:11
В Индии заявили, что миссия "Чандраян-2" поможет NASA измерить точное расстояние до Луны

Комплект лазерного отражателя, предоставленный NASA, будет пассивным экспериментальным модулем на борту аппарата, отметил глава индийской Организации космических исследований Кайласавадиву Сиван

НЬЮ-ДЕЛИ, 16 мая. /ТАСС/. Индийская автоматическая лунная экспедиция "Чандраян-2", старт которой теперь назначен на июль этого года, доставит на спутник Земли оборудование, которое предоставляет Национальное управление США по аэронавтике и исследованию космического пространства (NASA). Как сообщил прессе глава индийской Организации космических исследований (ISRO) Кайласавадиву Сиван, американское космическое агентство будет использовать этот модуль, чтобы определить точное расстояние между Землей и ее спутником.

"Комплект лазерного отражателя, предоставленный NASA, будет пассивным экспериментальным модулем на борту "Чандраян-2". Американские ученые будут использовать его для измерения расстояния между Землей и Луной. Этот прибор, который будет установлен на посадочном модуле, сможет также точно указать местоположение станции, севшей на поверхности Луны", - цитирует в среду Сивана газета The Times of India.

Он рассказал, что NASA обратилось к Нью-Дели с просьбой взять на борт станции этот модуль в июле прошлого года, в минувшем сентябре ISRO дала положительный ответ.

Спойлер

Ранее планировалось, что миссия "Чандраян-2" отправится к спутнику Земли в мае текущего года. Это уже не первый перенос начала экспедиции, изначально ожидалось, что индийская автоматическая станция отправится к Луне в апреле 2018 года. Но затем было объявлено, что миссия переносится на октябрь 2018 года, потом на январь 2019 года, а позднее на апрель и май 2019 года. Теперь ISRO говорит об июле. Причины переноса сроков старта экспедиции официально пока не сообщаются.

Аппарат "Чандраян-2" должен продолжить индийскую лунную программу, которую начал аппарат "Чандраян-1", отправленный к спутнику Земли в 2008 году. Если "Чандраян-1" был орбитальной станцией, то аппарат "Чандраян-2" - гораздо более сложный проект, который предусматривает посадку на спутнике Земли и доставку на ее поверхность небольшого индийского лунохода, который должен проработать на лунной поверхности не менее одного лунного дня (14 земных суток). Кроме того, станция должна доставить более 10 индийских приборов для исследования Луны.

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https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/after-mars-venus-on-isros-planetary-travel-list/articleshow/69381185.cms

After Mars, Venus on Isro's planetary travel list

U Tejonmayam | TNN | Upd ated: May 18, 2019, 12:18 IST

SRIHARIKOTA: ...

For this year, Isro's biggest mission, Chandrayaan-2 is all se t for a July launch. Sivan said the spacecraft, including the orbitor, lander and rover, will be flight-ready by the end of May. "The components are in the final stages of testing. Though we would be ready by end of May, we have to wait till July due to an eclipse," he said.

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https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/05/23/india-plans-july-launch-of-chandrayaan-2-moon-mission/

India plans July launch of Chandrayaan 2 moon mission
May 23, 2019 | Stephen Clark

Indian engineers hope to launch the country's first robotic lunar lander between July 9 and July 16 on India's most powerful rocket, the head of the Indian space agency said this week.

The robotic Chandrayaan 2 mission will launch on the heaviest rocket in India's inventory, the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mk.3, fr om the country's spaceport on Sriharikota Island, located on the coast with the Bay of Bengal around 50 miles (80 kilometers) north Chennai.

The mission's week-long launch period opens July 9, according to K. Sivan, chairman of the Indian Space Research Organization. Chandrayaan 2 is the next mission on India's launch calendar after Wednesday's liftoff of a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle carrying the RISAT 2B radar observation satellite.

"The next mission is the most complex mission ISRO has ever undertaken, that is the Chandrayaan 2 mission," Sivan said in remarks after Wednesday's launch of RISAT 2B. "It is not only a launch mission. We are going to land precisely at a place wh ere nobody's ever gone. This is challenging for the whole ISRO team. I don't have any doubt that team ISRO will achieve the target of this mission, with the precision of what we're aiming for."

The launch of Chandrayaan 2 would come just shy of the 50th anniversary of the Apollo 11 and landing.

Chandrayaan 2 consists of three segments, an orbiter module to guide the spacecraft to the moon, a descent stage to land on the lunar surface, and a rover to scout the landing site in the southern lunar highlands.

If the launch occurs in the July window, Chandrayaan 2's landing is scheduled for Sept. 6, Sivan said.

The mission will be India's first attempt at a lunar landing, seeking to become the fourth country to accomplish a soft landing on the moon after the former Soviet Union, the United States and China.


An infographic on the Chandrayaan 1 and Chandrayaan 2 missions. Credit: ISRO

India launched its first lunar orbiter, named Chandrayaan 1, in 2008. One of Chandrayaan 1's major accomplishments was the discovery of water-bearing molecules at the moon's poles, with the highest concentrations inside permanently-shadowed craters at the south pole.

Chandrayaan 2 will aim for touchdown in an unexplored region of the moon, targeting a landing closer to the lunar south pole than any previous mission.

The expected landing site is located at approximately 71 degrees south latitude, roughly 220 miles (350 kilometers) from the rim of the South Pole-Aitken basin, a region scientists believe is one of the most ancient impact sites in the solar system, created when a large asteroid or comet struck the moon billions of years ago.

For the first time, Chandrayaan 2's rover could examine ancient material in the lunar crust ejected during the colossal collision that created the South Pole-Aitken basin, providing data that could yield clues about the solar system's chaotic early history. The rover, named Pragyan, carries an alpha particle X-ray spectrometer to measure the elemental composition of the rocks at the Chandrayaan 2 landing site, along with a laser-induced breakdown spectroscope.

China accomplished the first soft landing on the far side of the moon in January in the mid-latitudes of the southern hemisphere, within the South Pole-Aitken basin. The Chang'e 4 mission's stationary lander and rover are still operational.

But Chang'e 4 did not carry an X-ray spectrometer to obtain elemental measurements of the lunar crust. The presence of such an instrument on-board Chandrayaan 2 could be boon for lunar geologists.

Five science payloads will each operate on the Chandrayaan 2 lander, dubbed Vikram, and the mission's orbiter component. The instruments include spectrometers, radars, plasma sensors and cameras.

The Chandrayaan 2 landing craft also carries a passive laser retro-reflector provided by NASA to allow precise measurements between the Earth and the moon, and potentially become a node in a lunar navigation network to help guide future missions.


File photo of a GSLV Mk.3 launch. Credit: ISRO

Chandrayaan 2 will launch on the first operational flight of the GSLV Mk.3, India's most powerful rocket. The GSLV Mk.3 is powered by two side-mounted solid rocket boosters, among the biggest solid-fueled rockets in the world, generating 2.2 million pounds of thrust at liftoff.

An air-lit core stage with two hydrazine-fueled Vikas engines and an upper stage with a hydrogen-fueled engine will send the Chandrayaan 2 mission into space.

Indian space program managers last year moved the Chandrayaan 2 launch from the less capable GSLV Mk.2 rocket to the GSLV Mk.3 to accommodate mass growth on the lunar mission.

Chandrayaan 2 now has a combined launch mass of more than 3.8 metric tons, or about 8,500 pounds. The mission reportedly costs around $125 million.

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https://www.isro.gov.in/update/03-jun-2019/challenges-of-moon-landing

Jun 03, 2019

The challenges of a Moon landing

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https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chandrayaan-2-nearly-ready-for-july-launch/articleshow/69724508.cms

Chandrayaan-2 nearly ready for July launch
Chethan Kumar | TNN | Updated: Jun 10, 2019, 15:09 IST

NEW DELHI: Isro has entered the last leg of testing of Chandrayaan-2 with integration nearly complete. Final tests are happening at Mahendragiri in Tamil Nadu and Byalalu in Bengaluru. The agency is looking at a July 9 launch.

As part of Isro's present schedule, spacecraft will leave Bengaluru on June 19, and reach the launchpad in Sriharikota on June 20 or 21. Fr om 3D mapping to finding water molecules, and from checking out minerals to landing wh ere nobody has landed, scientists say Isro has prepared to land a "dream on the Moon".

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https://www.thequint.com/news/india/chandayaan-2-isro

ISRO to Launch Chandrayaan-2 on 15 July in Second Moon Mission

ARUN DEVUPDATED: 01H 52M AGO

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on Wednesday, 12 June, announced India's ambitious second moon mission – Chandrayaan 2 – will launch on 15 July.

"Chandrayaan-2 mission will be launched on 15 July at 2:51am," said K Sivan, chairman of ISRO.

On Wednesday, ISRO unveiled the spacecraft at Bengaluru's ISRO Satellite Integration And Test Establishment. According to officials in Bengaluru, these components will be moved out of the Bengaluru by 20 June to Sriharikota.

The mission will have 13 payloads and one passive experiment fr om American space agency NASA. The 3.8-tonne spacecraft has three components – an Orbiter, Lander (Vikram) and Rover (Pragyan).

ISRO has finished the final phase of the project, wh ere the integration of the components have been undertaken.

The moon landing will be on 6 September. Initially, the Orbiter will orbit 100 km from the lunar surface, following which the Lander (Vikram) will do the soft landing near the south pole of the Moon, and the Rover (Pragyan) will be operationalised to undertake the experiment.

First Published: 01H 53M AGO

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https://tass.ru/kosmos/6542532

12 ИЮН, 13:00
Индийская лунная миссия "Чандраян-2" стартует утром 15 июля

НЬЮ-ДЕЛИ, 12 июня. /ТАСС/. Индийская автоматическая лунная экспедиция стартует к спутнику Земли рано утром 15 июля. Об этом сообщил в среду глава Индийской организации космических исследований (ISRO) доктор Кайласавадиву Сиван.

"Миссия "Чандраян-2" стартует 15 июля в 02:51 утра (00:21 мск)", - цитирует интернет-издание Quint слова доктора Сивана.

Он отметил, что полет аппарата к спутнику Земли займет несколько недель, после чего он совершит посадку в районе Южного полюса Луны.

Спойлер

Старт экспедиции не раз переносился, изначально ожидалось, что индийская автоматическая станция отправится к Луне в апреле 2018 года. Но затем было объявлено, что миссия переносится на октябрь 2018 года, потом на январь 2019 года, а позднее на апрель и май 2019 года. Причины переноса экспедиции официально пока не сообщаются.

Аппарат "Чандраян-2" должен продолжить индийскую лунную программу, которую начал аппарат "Чандраян-1", отправленный к спутнику Земли в 2008 году. Если "Чандраян-1" был орбитальной станцией, то аппарат "Чандраян-2" - гораздо более сложный проект, который предусматривает посадку на спутнике Земли и доставку на ее поверхность небольшого индийского лунохода, который должен проработать на лунной поверхности не менее одного лунного дня (14 земных суток).

До сих пор только США, Россия и Китай смогли осуществить мягкую посадку аппаратов на поверхность Луны.

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https://m.weibo.cn/detail/4382402471800481

Индийский лунный зонд «Лунный корабль II» - орбитальный и посадочный модули, запуск аппарата намечен на июль этого года, посадочный модуль должен прилуниться в сентябре

China航天 
3小时前已编辑

印度月球探测器"月船二号"轨道器与着陆器，该探测器计划今年7月份发射，着陆器于9月份登陆月球

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https://www.isro.gov.in/press-meet-briefing-dr-k-sivan-chairman-isro

Press Meet - Briefing by Dr. K Sivan, Chairman, ISRO

A Press Meet was organized today, June 12, 2019 at ISRO Headquarters, Bengaluru on the occasion of the forthcoming launch of India's Chandrayaan-2 mission to Moon. Dr K Sivan, Chairman, ISRO addressed and interacted with over hundred and fifty regional, national and international media persons during the meet.

Dr Sivan outlined ISRO's vision on space science and interplanetary missions. Understanding the secrets of the inner solar system is an aspiration of both national and international scientific community. Specifically talking about Chandrayaan-2, he announced "The launch of Chandrayaan-2 onboard GSLV MkIII-M1 is planned on July 15, 2019 at 02.51 Hrs from Sriharikota". Further, he said the soft landing of the Vikram lander of Chandrayaan-2 on the Moon's surface is likely to be on September 06, 2019. The briefing included the scientific objectives, challenges and benefits of the mission.

He also provided details on the orbiter, lander and rover as well as the challenging tasks of navigating to the Moon and inserting the spacecraft into lunar orbit. Dr Sivan then specially mentioned about the highly demanding task of soft landing on the lunar surface and termed it as "15 terrifying minutes"

Earlier during the day, the media persons had an opportunity to view Chandrayaan-2 orbiter and lander at ISRO Satellite Integration and Test Establishment (ISITE), Bengaluru.

The briefing by Chairman, ISRO was followed by an extensive interactive session with the media.

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ISRO‏Подлинная учетная запись @isro 39 мин. назад

#ISROMissions
#Chandrayaan2

Take a look of our Chandrayaan2 website

https://www.isro.gov.in/chandrayaan2-home ...

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https://www.isro.gov.in/chandrayaan2-mission

Chandrayaan-2 will be launched from Satish Dhawan Space Center at Sriharikota on-board GSLV Mk-III during the launch window of 9th to 16th July 2019. It will be injected into an earth parking 170 x40400 km orbit. A series of maneuvers will be carried out to raise its orbit and put Chandrayaan-2 on Lunar Transfer Trajectory. On entering Moon's sphere of influence, on-board thrusters will slow down the spacecraft for Lunar Capture. The Orbit of Chandrayaan-2 around the moon will be circularized to 100x100 km orbit through a series of orbital maneuvers. On the day of landing, the lander will separate from the Orbiter and then perform a series of complex maneuvers comprising of rough braking and fine braking. Imaging of the landing site region prior to landing will be done for finding safe and hazard-free zones. The lander-Vikram will finally land near South Pole of the moon on 6th September 2019. Subsequently, Rover will roll out and carry out experiments on Lunar surface for a period of 1 Lunar day which is equal to 14 Earth days. Orbiter will continue its mission for a duration of one year.

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https://www.isro.gov.in/chandrayaan2-spacecraft

Orbiter

Weight		2,379 kg
Electric Generation Capability		1,000 W

At the time of launch, the Chandrayaan 2 Orbiter will be capable of communicating with Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN) at Byalalu as well as the Vikram Lander. The mission life of the Orbiter is one year and it will be placed in a 100X100 km lunar polar orbit.

Lander — Vikram

Weight		1,471 kg
Electric Generation Capability		650 W

The Lander of Chandrayaan 2 is named Vikram after Dr Vikram A Sarabhai, the Father of the Indian Space Programme. It is designed to function for one lunar day, which is equivalent to about 14 Earth days. Vikram has the capability to communicate with IDSN at Byalalu near Bangalore, as well as with the Orbiter and Rover. The Lander is designed to execute a soft landing on the lunar surface.

Rover — Pragyan

Weight		27 kg
Electric Generation Capability		50 W

Chandrayaan 2's Rover is a 6-wheeled robotic vehicle named Pragyan, which translates to 'wisdom' in Sanskrit. It can travel up to 500 m (½-a-km) and leverages solar energy for its functioning. It can only communicate with the Lander.

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https://www.isro.gov.in/chandrayaan2-payloads

Orbiter payloads

[/li]
• Terrain Mapping Camera 2 (TMC 2)
  
  TMC 2 is a miniature version of the Terrain Mapping Camera used onboard the Chandrayaan 1 mission. Its primary objective is mapping the lunar surface in the panchromatic spectral band (0.5-0.8 microns) with a high spatial resolution of 5 m and a swath of 20 km fr om 100 km lunar polar orbit. The data collected by TMC 2 will give us clues about the Moon's evolution and help us prepare 3D maps of the lunar surface.
  
  
• Chandrayaan 2 Large Area Soft X-ray Spectrometer (CLASS)
  
  CLASS measures the Moon's X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectra to examine the presence of major elements such as Magnesium, Aluminium, Silicon, Calcium, Titanium, Iron, and Sodium. The XRF technique will detect these elements by measuring the characteristic X-rays they emit when excited by the Sun's rays.
  
  
• Solar X-ray Monitor (XSM)
  
  XSM observes the X-rays emitted by the Sun and its corona, measures the intensity of solar radiation in these rays, and supports CLASS. The primary objective of this payload is to provide solar X-ray spectrum in the energy range of 1-15 keV. XSM will provide high-energy resolution and high-cadence measurements (full spectrum every second) of solar X-ray spectra as input for analysis of data from CLASS.
  
  
• Orbiter High Resolution Camera (OHRC)
  
  OHRC provides high-resolution images of the landing site — ensuring the Lander's safe touchdown by detecting any craters or boulders prior to separation. The images it captures, taken from two different look angles, serve dual purposes. Firstly, they are used to generate DEMs (Digital Elevation Models) of the landing site. Secondly, they are used for scientific research, post-lander separation. OHRC's images will be captured over the course of two orbits, covering an area of 12 km x 3 km with a ground resolution of 0.32 m.
  
  
• Imaging IR Spectrometer (IIRS)
  
  IIRS has two primary objectives:
  
  
• Global mineralogical and volatile mapping of the Moon in the spectral range of ~0.8-5.0 µm for the first time, at the high resolution of ~20 nm
• Complete characterisation of water/hydroxyl feature near 3.0 µm for the first time at high spatial (~80 m) and spectral (~20 nm) resolutions
  

IIRS will also measure the solar radiation reflected off the Moon's surface in 256 contiguous spectral bands from 100 km lunar orbit.

[/li][li]Dual Frequency Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)

The dual frequency (L and S) SAR will provide enhanced capabilities compared to Chandrayaan 1's S-band miniSAR in areas such as:

[/li]
• L-band for greater depth of penetration (5-0 m — twice that of S-band)
  
  
• Circular and full polarimetry — with a range of resolution options (2-75 m) and incident angles (9°-35°) — for understanding scattering properties of permanently shadowed regions
  

The main scientific objectives of this payload are:

[/li]
• High-resolution lunar mapping in the polar regions
  
  
• Quantitative estimation of water-ice in the polar regions
  
  
• Estimation of regolith thickness and its distribution
  

[/li][li]Chandrayaan 2 Atmospheric Compositional Explorer 2 (CHACE 2)

CHACE 2 will continue the CHACE experiment carried out by Chandrayaan 1. It is a Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer (QMA) capable of scanning the lunar neutral exosphere in the mass range of 1 to 300 amu with the mass resolution of ~0.5 amu. CHACE 2's primary objective is to carry out an in-situ study of the composition and distribution of the lunar neutral exosphere and its variability.
[/li][/LIST]
Vikram payloads

[/li]
• Radio Anatomy of Moon Bound Hypersensitive ionosphere and Atmosphere (RAMBHA)
  
  The lunar ionosphere is a highly dynamic plasma environment. Langmuir probes, such as RAMBHA, have proven to be an effective diagnostic tool to gain information in such conditions. Its primary objective is to measure factors such as:
  
  
• Ambient electron density/temperature near the lunar surface
  
  
• Temporal evolution of lunar plasma density for the first time near the surface under varying solar conditions
  

[/li][li]Chandra's Surface Thermo-physical Experiment (ChaSTE)

ChaSTE measures the vertical temperature gradient and thermal conductivity of the lunar surface. It consists of a thermal probe (sensors and a heater) that is ins erted into the lunar regolith down to a depth of ~10 cm. ChaSTE operates in two modes:

[/li]
• Passive mode operation in which continuous in-situ measurements of temperature at different depths are carried out
  
  
• Active mode operation in which temperature variations in a se t period of time, and the regolith's thermal conductivity under contact, are estimated
  

[/li][li]Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity (ILSA)

ILSA is a triple axis, MEMS-based seismometer that can detect minute ground displacement, velocity, or acceleration caused by lunar quakes. Its primary objective is to characterise the seismicity around the landing site. ILSA has been designed to identify acceleration as low as 100 ng /√Hz with a dynamic range of ±0.5 g and a bandwidth of 40 Hz. The dynamic range is met by using two sensors — a coarse-range sensor and a fine-range sensor.
[/li][/LIST]
Pragyaan payloads

[/li]
• Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS)
  
  APXS' primary objective is to determine the elemental composition of the Moon's surface near the landing site. It achieves this through X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy technique, wh ere X-ray or alpha particles are used to excite the surface. APXS uses radioactive Curium (244) metal that emits high-energy, alpha particles — as well as X-rays — enabling both X-ray emission spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Through these techniques, APXS can detect all major rock-forming elements such as Sodium, Magnesium, Aluminium, Silica, Calcium, Titanium, Iron, and some trace elements such as Strontium, Yttrium and Zirconium.
  
  
• Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscope (LIBS)
  
  LIBS' prime objective is to identify and determine the abundance of elements near the landing site. It does this by firing high-powered laser pulses at various locations and analysing the radiation emitted by the decaying plasma.
  

Passive Experiment

[/li]
• Laser Retroreflector Array (LRA)
  
  To understand the dynamics of Earth's Moon system and also derive clues on the Lunar interior.
  

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Chandyaan-2 Mission Official Animation video by ISRO
SPACE and ISRO news
4:27
Опубликовано: 14 июн. 2019 г.
Chandrayaan 2 is an Indian lunar mission that will boldly go where no country has ever gone before — the Moon's south polar region. Through this effort, the aim is to improve our understanding of the Moon — discoveries that will benefit India and humanity as a whole. These insights and experiences aim at a paradigm shift in how lunar expeditions are approached for years to come — propelling further voyages into the farthest frontiers.

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ISRO‏Подлинная учетная запись @isro 14 июн.

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Pre-shipment review of #Chandrayaan2 held today (June 14, 2019). Cleared for movement of spacecraft to space port, SDSC SHAR, Sriharikota