Hayabusa 2 (Хаябуса-2), Procyon – H-IIA F26 – Танэгасима – 03.12.2014 04:22:04 UTC

Автор Космос-3794, 13.08.2010 10:49:07

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tnt22

ЦитироватьHAYABUSA2@JAXA‏ @haya2e_jaxa 7 ч. назад

[MASCOT] Return to home position was scheduled for today (Oct. 5) but this has been postponed until Oct. 8 (Monday) due the approach of a typhoon. This avoids any problems if we can't operate from Japan at the weekend. There are many typhoon approaches this year!
#AsteroidLanding

tnt22

ЦитироватьHAYABUSA2@JAXA‏ @haya2e_jaxa 45 мин. назад

Our probes @haya2kun and @MASCOT2018 discuss the last photo to be taken together!
#AsteroidLanding
Цитироватьhaya2kun‏ @haya2kun 2 ч. назад

Hey, @mascot2018, can you hear me? I snapped this image of you heading towards Ryugu!
#Asteroidlanding




MASCOT Lander‏Подлинная учетная запись @MASCOT2018 2 ч.назад

В ответ @haya2kun

Yes, I'm here. What a shot, @haya2kun! This image shows us both! I can see your shadow, my shadow and me! We look great!
#Asteroidlanding


tnt22

https://ria.ru/science/20181005/1530063542.html
ЦитироватьРовер MASCOT закончил работу на поверхности астероида Рюгю
14:14 05.10.2018


CC BY 3.0 / DLR /

МОСКВА, 5 окт – РИА Новости. Европейский ровер MASCOT исчерпал запасы энергии и завершил работу на поверхности астероида Рюгю, выдержав примерно трое "суток" непрерывной работы или 17 земных часов, сообщает DLR.

"Мы только начали изучать данные, которые собрал MASCOT. Я ожидаю, что мы узнаем много нового о прошлом Солнечной системы и поймем, насколько важны Рюгю и другие околоземные астероиды для изучения тайн нашей планеты", — заявил Тра-ми Хо (Tra-Mi Ho), руководитель миссии MASCOT в Германском авиационно-космическом центре(DLR).
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Автоматическая станция "Хаябуса-2" была запущена в космос в начале декабря 2014 года для изучения, забора и возврата проб с астероида Рюгю. Как надеются ученые, она вернет на землю первые 100% "чистые" образцы первичной материи Солнечной системы.

Японский аппарат достиг цели в начале июня и начал длительную процедуру торможения и сближения с астероидом. Получив первые снимки и данные по устройству поверхности и недр Рюгю, зонд начал готовиться к процедуре по забору грунта.

Помимо этого, "Хаябуса-2" доставила к астероиду три спускаемых аппарата – два японских ровера MINERVA-II1, аналоги которых были отправлены к астероиду Итокава вместе с "Хаябусой-1", а также европейский аппарат MASCOT.

Роботы Rover-1A и Rover-1B были успешно сброшены на поверхность Рюгю в конце сентября. За последующие часы и дни они получили множество фотографий и собрали массу научных данных, которые сейчас обрабатываются специалистами JAXA.
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© DLR/JAXA
Фотография поверхности астероида Рюгю, полученная ровером MASCOT

Сложная процедура по высадке их европейского "кузена" началась в понедельник, а успешная посадка состоялась утром в среду. Как отметили в DLR, спуск MASCOT был идеальным с точки зрения пилотов миссии и ее научной "половины", что позволило роботу почти сразу начать исследования и установить связь с "Хаябусой-2".

Вчера робот успешно решил все научные задачи миссии, собрав все необходимые данные и снимки для раскрытия тайн геологии Рюгю и изучения образцов первичной материи Солнечной системы. Потратив на это примерно одни астероидные "сутки", MASCOT проработал на поверхности астероида еще два дня, совершив несколько прыжков по его поверхности и собрав несколько дополнительных наборов данных.

Как отмечают планетологи, они изначально рассчитывали на то, что ровер проработает дольше основного срока миссии. По этой причине они разработали несколько "расширенных" программ работы, однако и их не хватило – MASCOT проработал час дольше, чем ожидали пилоты миссии, и собрал массу "бонусной" информации.

Часть этих данных, как отмечают ученые, уже была передана на Землю, а более "объемные" фотографии и замеры инструментов будут отправлены "Хаябусой-2" после того, как зонд вернется на более высокую орбиту.

tnt22

http://www.hayabusa2.jaxa.jp/en/topics/20181005e_MSC_ONC/
ЦитироватьHayabusa2 successfully images MASCOT separating fr om the spacecraft!

The small asteroid lander, MASCOT, that was developed in Germany and France, was successfully separated fr om the Hayabusa2 spacecraft on October 3 and delivered safely to the surface of Ryugu. After landing, MASCOT acquired scientific data on the asteroid surface, which was transmitted to the MASCOT team via the spacecraft. Scientific analysis of this data is expected to be performed by the MASCOT team from now onwards.

From the Hayabusa2 spacecraft, we attempted to capture the separated MASCOT using the three optical navigation cameras (ONC-T, ONC-W1, ONC-W2). When the image data was received from the spacecraft, we could confirm that MASCOT appears in images photographed with the ONC-W1 and ONC-W2.

Figure 1 shows MASCOT photographed by the ONC-W2 immediately after separation. MASCOT was captured on three consecutively shot images, making a short animated movie. The image capture time is between 10:57:54 JST – 10:58:14 JST on October 3. Since separation time itself was at 10:57:20 JST, these images were captured immediately after separation. The ONC-W2 is a camera attached to the side of the spacecraft and is shooting diagonally downward from Hayabusa2. This gives an image showing MASCOT descending with the surface of Ryugu in the background. MASCOT is especially clear in the third image.


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Figure 1: Three consecutive images taken on October 3, 2018 between 10:57:54 – 10:58:14 JST by the Optical Navigation Camera – Wide angle (ONC-W2). MASCOT appears in the upper edge of the image. 
 Image 1 : 10:57:54 JST
 Image 2 : 10:58:04 JST
 Image 3 : 10:58:14 JST
(Image credit ※1: JAXA, University of Tokyo, Kochi University, Rikkyo University, Nagoya University, Chiba Institute of Technology, Meiji University, University of Aizu, AIST.)
Спойлер
Figure 2 shows the image of MASCOT photographed with the ONC-W1. This picture was captured at 10:59:40 JST on October 3, 2 minutes and 20 seconds after the lander separated from the spacecraft. The ONC-W1 is attached to the bottom of the spacecraft, so the view is directly below Hayabusa2. At this point, the spacecraft is rising slowly. MASCOT is the white dot and has not yet landed on the asteroid surface, so the lander casts a shadow that creates a black dot on the surface of Ryugu. Beside it, is the shadow of Hayabusa2.


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Figure 2: Image taken on October 3, 2018 at 10:59:40 JST by the Optical Navigation Camera – Wide angle (ONC-W1). Enlarging the image reveals white and black dots that correspond to MASCOT and its shadow, respectively, during the descent. The large shadow in the lower right of the MASCOT image is the shadow of the Hayabusa2 spacecraft.
(Image credit ※1: JAXA, University of Tokyo, Kochi University, Rikkyo University, Nagoya University, Chiba Institute of Technology, Meiji University, University of Aizu, AIST.)

If you enlarge the white dot of MASCOT in Figure 2, it appears as if there is a white round dot inside a black square. It seems that it is the base (bottom) of MASCOT that is visible. Figure 3 is a picture of the base of MASCOT. Comparing with the enlarged picture of MASCOT in Figure 2, the shining white dot is thought to be the antenna.


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Figure 3: Underside base surface of MASCOT. The round white circle is the antenna. (Image credit: DLR).

The altitude of MASCOT shown in Figure 2 is estimated to be about 35 m (※2). After this image was captured, MASCOT descended to the surface of Ryugu and operated for about 17 hours, sending the collected data back to the spacecraft. The location wh ere MASCOT landed is also estimated and shown in Figure 4.


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Figure 4: Estimated MASCOT landing point. (Top) Location on the map. (Bottom) The point is indicated on the Ryugu image observed from the home position (article at July 11).
(Image credit ※1: JAXA, University of Tokyo, Kochi University, Rikkyo University, Nagoya University, Chiba Institute of Technology, Meiji University, University of Aizu, AIST.)

※1: Please use the displayed credit when reproducing these images. In the case wh ere an abbreviated form is necessary, please write "JAXA, University of Tokyo & collaborators".

※2: The altitude of MASCOT during descent was estimated by Rikkyo University members (including students) on the ONC team.
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Hayabusa2 project
2018.10.05

tnt22

https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/10/05/mascot-lander-hops-around-asteroid-exceeding-scientists-expectations/
ЦитироватьMASCOT lander hops around asteroid, exceeding scientists' expectations
October 5, 2018 | Stephen Clark


This image was taken by MASCOT's camera between 10 and 20 meters (32 and 65 feet) above the asteroid's surface. Credit: MASCOT/DLR/JAXA

BREMEN and COLOGNE, Germany — The MASCOT lander released fr om Japan's Hayabusa 2 spacecraft this week made three hops to different locations on asteroid Ryugu before draining its battery, outliving its design life and sending back data from all four of its instruments, according to German and French officials who developed the surface robot.

The tiny lander, no bigger than a microwave oven, released from the Hayabusa 2 spacecraft at 0157:20 GMT Wednesday (9:57:20 p.m. EDT Tuesday) as the Japanese mothership maneuvered to a point just 167 feet (51 meters) from Ryugu.

Six minutes later, the tumbling lander made first contact with the asteroid's surface — at 0203 GMT (10:03 p.m. EDT) — and bounced several times, as intended, before coming to a stop and kicking off an pre-programmed automated science campaign.

The Mobile Surface Asteroid Scout lasted more than 17 hours, exceeding projections going into the mission. The lander's lifetime was limited by the capacity of its lithium battery, and designers did not put solar panels on the craft to save weight and money.
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"In our estimation, we thought we'd last 12 hours if it was a success, maybe 15 or 16 hours if we were really over the top," said Aurélie Moussi, MASCOT's project manager at CNES, the French space agency, which provided the battery. "We lasted 17 hours. That's amazing."

"In our best dreams, we did not expect so much joy," Moussi said.


Hayabusa 2's navigation camera took this view of MASCOT descending toward asteroid Ryugu. Hayabusa 2's shadow is also visible in the image. Credit: MASCOT/DLR/JAXA

Some of the instruments on MASCOT, along with many members of its ground team, come from the Philae mission, which landed on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko in 2014 after separating from the European Space Agency's Rosetta comet orbiter.

Like Philae, MASCOT bounced around the surface of its new home. But Philae carried anchoring gear and other landing aids to try and prevent such movements, while the simplified MASCOT lander carried no such equipment.

Nevertheless, Philae gathered images and other scientific data throughout its sojourn around the comet.

"We used (battery) cells from the exact same batch as Philae," Moussi said Friday in a presentation at the International Astronautical Congress in Bremen, Germany. "It seems this batch is really good."

The Hayabusa 2 spacecraft, managed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, put the MASCOT lander on course for a landing zone in Ryugu's southern hemisphere. Once on the surface, MASCOT had an internal swing arm that could move like a pendulum, allowing it to generate momentum and hop to different locations on the asteroid, which measures around 0.6 miles (1 kilometer) in diameter, and has a gravity field 80,000 times weaker than Earth's.

Ryugu circles the sun on a path primarily between the orbits of Earth and Mars. The asteroid briefly dips inside the orbit of Earth on each trip around the sun, making Ryugu a potentially hazardous asteroid that could eventually pose an impact threat to our planet.

Stephan Ulamec, MASCOT's payload manager at DLR, the German space agency, praised the Hayabusa 2 spacecraft for the tricky descent maneuvers toward an asteroid more than 200 million miles (about 325 million kilometers) from Earth.

"The Hayabusa 2 spacecraft worked so well, like clockwork," he said. "We're tempted to assume all of this is easy, and trivial because it worked so well. It's not at all."

"Our part was comparably easy," joked Ulamec, who was project manager on the Philae comet lander. "We got dumped. We fell down and landed, and the one tricky part was we had to upright and operate for the time which the primary battery allowed."


Three consecutive images acquired by Hayabusa 2's wide-angle optical navigation camera showed the MASCOT lander falling toward asteroid Ryugu moments after deployment. JAXA, Tokyo University, Kochi Univ., Rikkyo Univ., Nagoya Univ., Chiba Institute of Technology, Meiji Univ., Aizu Univ., AIST

Engineers at DLR's lander control center in Cologne, Germany, detected the robot was facing the wrong way once it settled on the surface. That forced controllers to abandon the original science plan and send pre-packaged contingency commands to MASCOT, routed through the Hayabusa 2 control center in Sagamihara, Japan, to roll over using its on-board uprighting mechanism.

"After this very first touchdown, we noticed fairly quickly the lander was upside down," Ulamec said.

The rollover worked as designed, and the robot moved around 1 or 2 meters (3 to 6 feet) and all four instruments started collecting data from the asteroid's surface, Ulamec said.

Ryugu rotates once on its axis every 7 hours, 36 minutes, so MASCOT experienced three sunsets before draining its battery on the asteroid.

The lander collected measurements during day and night. Its camera carried four light diodes to illuminate nearby rocks in red, green, blue and infrared light. A radiometer instrument measured temperatures of Ryugu's surface material during a full day-night cycle, data that could help scientists learn about the physical properties of asteroid rocks and dust, giving new insights to future missions that will interact with asteroid surfaces, according to Matthias Grott, principal investigator for MASCOT's radiometer at DLR.

"What we've learned so far from the pictures is it looks like the surface is more consolidated rocks overlaid by a thin layer of particulate material," Grott said.

MASCOT's magnetometer measured the lander's spin as it descended to the asteroid, helping confirm its successful deployment from Hayabusa 2 and telling controllers about the robot's movement across the surface. The instrument was also designed to search for any remnant magnetic field on the asteroid.


This image of Ryugu taken by MASCOT during its descent shows the asteroid's craggy boulder-strewn surface. Ryugu is carbon-rich and extremely dark, reflecting only 2.5 percent of the sunlight that reaches its surface. The asteroid landscape visible in this image is as dark as asphalt, scientists said. Credit: MASCOT/DLR/JAXA

During MASCOT's second three-and-a-half hour day on asteroid Ryugu, the lander executed a small move to put surface material within view of a tiny microscope designed to unravel the mineral make-up of the asteroid's rocks, seeking the chemical signatures of carbon and molecules that may have once interacted with water.

"For the first time, we're trying to measure the composition of an asteroid's carbon-rich material," said Jean-Pierre Bibring, lead scientist on MASCOT's MicrOmega spectrometer. "To do so, we built an instrument that's supposed to be in contact (with the surface)."

As always, in exploration you never know wh ere you're going," said Bibring, a scientist at Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale in Orsay, France. "We landed there for the first time trying to measure the composition, and of course, we discovered a lot of things we didn't plan to."

"Later, we were able to continue the activities on Ryugu with a special maneuver," said Ralf Jaumann, DLR planetary scientist and scientific director of MASCOT. "With a 'mini-move' we recorded image sequences that will be used to generate stereo images of the surface once they have been analyzed."

MASCOT made a final leap before its mission ended to travel several meters to another site, and controllers lost their radio link with the lander at 1904 GMT (3:04 p.m. EDT) Wednesday as it went into its third night on the asteroid.

After it deployed MASCOT, Hayabusa 2 climbed to a position nearly 2 miles (3 kilometers) from the asteroid to relay data between Earth and the lander. But Hayabusa 2, which had to stay in sunlight to generate electrical power, was unable to contact MASCOT when its landing zone rotated out of the mothership's field-of-view and into night.

By the time MASCOT re-emerged into daylight, Hayabusa 2 heard no signal from the lander.


A technician installs the MASCOT lander into the Hayabusa 2 spacecraft before launching to an asteroid. Credit: DLR

"The evaluation of the valuable data has just begun," said Tra-Mi Ho, MASCOT's project manager at the DLR Institute of Space Systems. "We will learn a lot about the past of the solar system and the importance of near-Earth asteroids like Ryugu."

MASCOT's exploration of Ryugu came less than two weeks after Hayabusa 2 released two Japanese-built robots — each even smaller than MASCOT — that bounced around the asteroid's surface.

The landers deployed by Hayabusa 2 were not the first to touch down on an asteroid and return data — that distinction goes to NASA's NEAR-Shoemaker probe that landed on asteroid Eros in 2001. But they are the first to return images from an asteroid's surface, and the first missions to move to different locations on an asteroid.

MASCOT was developed and built for around 25 million euros ($29 million), Ulamec said.

"With MASCOT, it has been possible to, for the first time, explore the surface of an asteroid directly on site so extensively," says Hansjörg Dittus, DLR executive board ember for space research and technology. "A mission like this can only be done working in close cooperation with international partners – bringing together all their expertise and commitment."

Hayabusa 2's mission is far from over.

The $260 million probe's primary objective is to collect up to three samples from Ryugu and bring the back to Earth. The first sampling attempt is scheduled as soon as the end of October, followed by two more next year.

Hayabusa 2 will also release one more robot to hop around the asteroid next year, before departing Ryugu in time to drop its sample return capsule for a re-entry and landing in Australia in December 2020.
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tnt22

Сокол-2 вернулся на свою позицию на высоте 20 км над астероидом Рюгю. Состояние зонда нормальное.
Цитировать小惑星探査機「はやぶさ2」‏Подлинная учетная запись @haya2_jaxa 16 ч. назад

本日、「はやぶさ2」は、高度約20kmのホームポジションへ戻りました。探査機の状態は正常です。

tnt22

#586
Очередной пресс-брифинг - 11.10.2018
Цитировать
Дата: 11.10.2018

Время: 15:30 ~ 16:30



06:30 - 07:30 UTC
09:30 - 10:30 ДМВ


hlynin

CNES, Mascot. Мобильный разведчик астероидов (CNES, Mascot. Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout) (на англ.) сентябрь 2018 г в pdf - 7,51 Мб
 «MASCOT должен приземлиться на астероиде Рюгу в октябре 2018 года. Эта миниатюрная лаборатория весом 10 кг будет отделена от своего КА, Hayabusa-2, примерно в 60 м над поверхностью». Файл объясняет научные инструменты MASCOT и его цеь на Рюгу, даёт сравнение между MASCOT и Philae и описывает роль и задачу международных партнерских организаций.

tnt22

https://www.dlr.de/dlr/en/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-10212/332_read-30235/#/gallery/32337
ЦитироватьNumerous boulders, many rocks, no dust: MASCOT's zigzag course across the asteroid Ryugu
12 October 2018
    [/li]
  • The scientists were able to follow the path that MASCOT travelled on the surface of Ryugu on the basis of images and data fr om the mother probe Hayabusa2 and the lander.
  • Never before in the history of space has a body of the Solar System been explored in this way.
  • Focus: Space, exploration
Six minutes of free fall, a gentle impact on the asteroid and then 11 minutes of rebounding until coming to rest. That is how, in the early hours of 3 October 2018, the journey of the MASCOT asteroid lander began on Asteroid Ryugu – a land full of wonder, mystery and challenges. Some 17 hours of scientific exploration followed this first 'stroll' on the almost 900-metre diameter asteroid. The lander was commanded and controlled from the MASCOT Control Centre at the German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; DLR) site in Cologne in the presence of scientific teams from Germany, France and Japan. MASCOT surpassed all expectations and performed its four experiments at several locations on the asteroid. Never before in the history of spaceflight has a Solar System body been explored in this way. It has now been possible to precisely trace MASCOT's path on Ryugu's surface on the basis of image data from the Japanese Hayabusa2 space probe and the lander's images and data.

"This success was possible thanks to state-of-the-art robotic technology, long-term planning and intensive international cooperation between the scientists and engineers of the three space nations Japan, France and Germany," says Hansjörg Dittus, DLR Executive Board Member for Space Research and Technology about this milestone in Solar System exploration. "We are proud of how MASCOT was able to master its way across the asteroid Ryugu over boulders and rocks and send so much data about its composition back to Earth," says DLR Chair Pascale Ehrenfreund.

MASCOT had no propulsion system and landed in free fall. Six minutes after separating from Hayabusa2, and following the end of a ballistic trajectory, the landing module made its first contact with asteroid Ryugu. On the surface, MASCOT moved through the activation of a tungsten swing arm accelerated and decelerated by a motor. This made it possible for MASCOT to be repositioned to the 'correct' side or even perform hops across the asteroid's surface. The gravitational attraction on Ryugu is just one 66,500th of the Earth's, so the little momentum provided was enough: a technological innovation for an unusual form of mobility on an asteroid surface used for the first time in the history of space travel as part of the Hayabusa2 mission.

Through a rock garden full of rough boulders and no flat surfaces
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To reconstruct MASCOT's path across the surface of Ryugu, the cameras aboard the Hayabusa2 mother probe were aimed at the asteroid. The Optical Navigation Cameras (ONC) captured the lander's free fall in several images, detected its shadow on the ground during the flight phase, and finally identified MASCOT directly on the surface in several images. The pattern of the countless boulders distributed on the surface could also be seen in the direction of the respective horizon in oblique photographs of the lander's DLR MASCAM camera. The combination of this information unlocked the unique path traced by the lander.

After the first impact, MASCOT smoothly bounced off a large block, touched the ground about eight times, and then found itself in a resting position unfavourable for the measurements. After commanding and executing a specially prepared correction manoeuvre, MASCOT came to a second halt. The exact location of this second position is still being determined. There, the lander completed detailed measurements during one asteroid day and night. This was followed by a small 'mini-move' to provide the MicrOmega spectrometer with even better conditions for measuring the composition of the asteroid material.

Finally, MASCOT was set in motion one last time for a bigger jump. At the last location it carried out some more measurements before the third night on the asteroid began, and contact with Hayabusa2 was lost as the spaceship had moved out of line of sight. The last signal from MASCOT reached the mother probe at 21:04 CEST. The mission was over. "We were expecting less than 16 hours of battery life because of the cold night, says MASCOT project manager Tra-Mi Ho from the DLR Institute of Space Systems. "After all, we were able to operate MASCOT for more than one extra hour, even until the radio shadow began, which was a great success." During the mission, the team named MASCOT's landing site (MA-9) 'Alice's Wonderland', after the eponymous book by Lewis Carroll (1832-1898).
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A true wonderland
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Having reconstructed the events that took place on asteroid Ryugu, the scientists are now busy analysing the first results from the acquired data and images. "What we saw from a distance already gave us an idea of what it might look like on the surface," reports Ralf Jaumann from the DLR Institute of Planetary Research and scientific director of the MASCOT mission. "In fact, it is even crazier on the surface than expected. Everything is covered in rough blocks and strewn with boulders. How compact these blocks are and what they are composed of, we still do not know. But what was most surprising was that large accumulations of fine material are nowhere to be found – and we did not expect that. We have to investigate this in the next few weeks, because the cosmic weathering would actually have had to produce fine material," continues Jaumann.

"MASCOT has delivered exactly what we expected: an 'extension' of the space probe on the surface of Ryugu and direct measurements on site," says Tra-Mi Ho. Now there are measurements across the entire spectrum, from telescope light curves from Earth to remote sensing with Hayabusa2 through to the microscopic findings of MASCOT. "This will be of enormous importance for the characterisation of this class of asteroids," emphasises Jaumann.

Ryugu is a C-type asteroid – a carbon-rich representative of the oldest bodies of the four-and-a-half-billion year-old Solar System. It is a 'primordial' building block of planet formation, and one of 17,000 known Near-Earth asteroids.

On Earth, there are meteorites with a composition that could be similar to Ryugu's, which are found in the Murchison Range, Australia. However, Matthias Grott from the DLR Institute of Planetary Research and responsible for the radiometer experiment MARA is skeptical as to whether these meteorites are actually representative of Ryugu in terms of their physical properties: "Meteorites such as those found in Murchison are rather massive. However, our MARA data suggests the material on Ryugu is slightly more porous. The investigations are just beginning, but it is plausible to assume that small fragments of Ryugu would not survive the entry into the Earth's atmosphere intact."
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About the Hayabusa2 mission and MASCOT
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Hayabusa2 is a Japanese space agency (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; JAXA) mission to the near-Earth asteroid Ryugu. The German-French lander MASCOT on board Hayabusa2 was developed by the German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; DLR) and built in close cooperation with the French space agency CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales). DLR, the Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale and the Technical University of Braunschweig have contributed the scientific experiments on board MASCOT. The MASCOT lander and its experiments are operated and controlled by DLR with support from CNES and in constant interaction with the Hayabusa2 team.

The DLR Institute of Space Systems in Bremen was responsible for developing and testing the lander together with CNES. The DLR Institute of Composite Structures and Adaptive Systems in Braunschweig was responsible for the stable structure of the lander. The DLR Robotics and Mechatronics Center in Oberpfaffenhofen developed the swing arm that allows MASCOT to hop on the asteroid. Das DLR Institute of Planetary Research in Berlin contributed the MASCAM camera and the MARA radiometer. The asteroid lander is monitored and operated from the MASCOT Control Center in the Microgravity User Support Center (MUSC) at the DLR site in Cologne.
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MASCOT's 17 hours and 7 minutes on Ryugu
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[TH]Time (CEST)[/TH][TH]Event[/TH]
03:57:21At an altitude of 51 metres above asteroid Ryugu, MASCOT is pushed out of the Hayabusa2 supporting frame by means of a spring mechanism behind a push-off plate at about 4 centimetres per second and starts to descend to Ryugu without control of its ground station.
04:03Approximately six minutes later, MASCOT touches down on Ryugu, making contact with a block of rocks about three to four metres high. The Optical Navigation Camera (ONC) from Hayabusa2 records the process in high-resolution images. At the same time, DLR's MASCAM acquires 20 images of the asteroid during the descent. MASCOT lands on the designated landing site MA-9 (Alice's Wonderland). It is located at about 300 degrees east and 30 degrees south.
Around 04:34
First location
After another approximately. 31 minutes and several contacts with the surface, MASCOT reaches its first resting position. It is asteroid day at the landing site and the surface measurements start.
Around 06:30At the DLR Control Centre in Cologne it is recognised that MASCOT is lying on an unfavourable side and thus cannot carry out its planned experiments. All systems and experiments are operating as intended.
Around 09:20An unscheduled command from the Earth is sent to Hayabusa2 and from there to MASCOT to activate the swing arm to turn the lander into its intended position for the experiments. The command time to Ryugu, which is about 300 million kilometres away, is about 18 minutes one way.
Around 09:52MASCOT has completed its first day-and-night cycle. The second day on Ryugu begins.
Around. 10:30
Second location
The manoeuvre has brought the desired result. MASCOT is in the right position, is now operational and automatically starts to perform its four experiments again.
Around 12:51The second daylight phase on Ryugu is slowly coming to an end, and MASCOT turns with Ryugu into its second asteroid night.
Around 17:28MASCOT's third day on Ryugu begins.
Around 18:29
Third location
MASCOT successfully executes a mini-move. This manoeuvre was commanded by the operations team in Cologne to optimise the position of the sensors of the experiments. Further scientific investigations are carried out.
Around 20:04 Fourth locationThe last jump is commanded to MASCOT and the lander goes into the End of Life phase. Further scientific investigations are carried out.
21:04It is the end of the third day for MASCOT on Ryugu. In the meantime, more than 16 hours have passed – the lander's expected maximum battery life. Contrary to the calculations, the battery still provides some power before the contact with MASCOT breaks off by the entry of a radio shadow and the upcoming night. Instead of 16 hours, the experiments were able to work for 17 hours and 7 minutes.
[свернуть]
Last modified: 12/10/2018 13:36:31
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MASCOT's approach to Ryugu and its path across the surface

After MASCOT had separated from its mothercraft, Hayabusa2's ONC (Optical Navigation Camera) recording system, with its three cameras, began following MASCOT's descent to the asteroid Ryugu from a height of 51 metres. The image section is oriented to the north, and the area shown is located at approximately 300 degrees east and 30 degrees south. Hayabusa2's shadow can be seen on the lower right. At the time of the separation, it was about noon on Ryugu and the Sun was behind Hayabusa2 – the shadow is about six by 4.5 metres. The points indicate the times at which Hayabusa2 acquired images of MASCOT. The times are in UTC (Coordinated Universal Time, CEST minus two hours), the first image was acquired at 01:59 and 40 seconds UTC (03:59:40 CEST). The yellow line indicates the locations at which MASCOT was still descending towards Ryugu and wh ere it could be identified in the ONC photos. The blue line below the yellow line is the projection of these positions onto the asteroid surface – so this shows MASCOT's flight route was rather straight, and the lander touched down on a large edgy block at around 02:23 and 24 seconds UTC. From there, the asteroid lander hopped along the curved horizontal line towards the east-northeast and was then repeatedly imaged by the ONC. At around 02:14 and 04 minutes UTC MASCOT came to rest at its first location on the asteroid. Meanwhile, Hayabusa2 ascended to a higher observation position over Ryugu, making it more difficult to identify MASCOT in the images due to the lower image resolution. On the second asteroid day, MASCOT's mobility mechanism was activated. Another image will show the lander on 4 October at 00:55 and nine seconds UTC.
Credit: JAXA/U Tokyo/Kochi U/Rikkyo U/Nagoya U/ Chiba Inst Tech/Meiji U/U Aizu/AIST.

MASCOT image of Ryugu's south polar region shortly after separation

The image on the right shows the first image acquired by the DLR-developed MASCAM camera system during Hayabusa2's descent, shortly after separation from the landing module at a height of 51 metres with a viewing direction towards the south pole. The area captured by MASCAM is marked as an open triangle in the overview image on the left, which was taken with the wide-angle camera of the ONC (Optical Navigation Camera) system of the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. Particularly striking is a huge block near the South Pole, which stands out clearly above the horizon line and which the scientists named 'South Polar Rock'. It may be several dozen, and even up to 100 metres tall.
Credit: JAXA/U Tokyo/Kochi U/Rikkyo U/Nagoya U/ Chiba Inst Tech/Meiji U/U Aizu/AIST (links); MASCOT/DLR/JAXA (rechts).

MASCOT image pointing east while descending on Ryugu

The second image of the DLR-developed MASCAM camera is directed obliquely downward on the asteroid Ryugu and covers areas east of the descent route. The area covered by MASCAM is marked as an open trapezoid in the overview image of the wide-angle camera of the ONC (Optical Navigation Camera) system of Hayabusa2. Compared with the first image, it is clear that MASCOT moved turbulently towards Ryugu, as expected, thus performing turns and rollovers. Both images show a huge boulder, which occupies the eastern (right) edge of the image in the MASCAM image and is several tens of metres in length. On the bottom left is MASCOT's shadow, which the Sun behind the landing probe is projecting onto the asteroid surface: MASCOT is 30 centimetres long. Ryugu is a body with no atmosphere, so the outlines of MASCOT (right) and Hayabusa2 (left) are sharp in the shadows projected onto the asteroid surface.
Credit: JAXA/U Tokyo/Kochi U/Rikkyo U/Nagoya U/ Chiba Inst Tech/Meiji U/U Aizu/AIST (links); MASCOT/DLR/JAXA (rechts).

MASCOT's fourth image during the descent to Ryugu

Before the first contact with a large rock on Ryugu, DLR's MASCAM camera photographed the area of the descent route with a backward-looking view. The area covered by MASCAM is marked as an open trapezoid in the overview image of the wide-angle camera of Hayabusa2's ONC (Optical Navigation Camera) system.
Credit: JAXA/U Tokyo/Kochi U/Rikkyo U/Nagoya U/ Chiba Inst Tech/Meiji U/U Aizu/AIST (links); MASCOT/DLR/JAXA (rechts).

After first contact with the surface: the landing site environment

The fifth image acquired by the DLR-developed MASCAM camera system (right) was taken shortly after the first contact with the ground, just a few metres above the surface of Ryugu. The line of sight is directed to the northwest and is located between the two white boundary lines in the overview image (left) acquired by the wide-angle camera of the ONC (Optical Navigation Camera) system on board Hayabusa2. Just as in the images from higher altitudes, no fine material, known as regolith, can be seen, even in the immediate vicinity of the surface. Regolith is formed on atmosphere-less bodies due to their permanent exposure to high-energy particles from space or micrometeorites due to the weathering of coarser material into dust. Instead, the area is extremely rugged and full of sharp blocks. The landing site environment is reminiscent of the Abydos landing site of the Philae lander, which was released on Comet 67P / Churyumov-Gerasimenko by the Rosetta spacecraft on 12 November 2014.
Credit: JAXA/U Tokyo/Kochi U/Rikkyo U/Nagoya U/ Chiba Inst Tech/Meiji U/U Aizu/AIST (links); MASCOT/DLR/JAXA (rechts).

tnt22

ЦитироватьУченые ЕКА рассказали о неожиданных находках на поверхности астероида
16:50 12.10.2018 (обновлено: 17:34 12.10.2018)


© MASCOT/DLR/JAXA

МОСКВА, 12 окт – РИА Новости. Первые данные и снимки с ровера MASCOT, севшего на поверхность астероида Рюгю на прошлой неделе, указывают не необычно малое количество пыли на этом небесном теле, причина чего пока остается загадкой для ученых, сообщает DLR.

"Поверхность астероида оказалась еще более безумной, чем мы предполагали. Самым удивительным стало то, что мы не нашли крупных скоплений реголита, что, по идее, невозможно – космическая эрозия должна была породить большие количества пыли", — рассказывает Ральф Яуманн (Ralf Jaumann), научный руководитель миссии из Германского авиационно-космического центра (DLR).

Автоматическая станция "Хаябуса-2" была запущена в космос в начале декабря 2014 года для изучения, забора и возврата проб с астероида Рюгю. Как надеются ученые, она вернет на землю первые 100% "чистые" образцы первичной материи Солнечной системы.

Японский аппарат достиг цели в начале июня и начал длительную процедуру торможения и сближения с астероидом. Получив первые снимки и данные по устройству поверхности и недр Рюгю, зонд начал готовиться к процедуре по забору грунта.

Помимо этого, "Хаябуса-2" доставила к астероиду три спускаемых аппарата – два японских ровера MINERVA-II1, аналоги которых были отправлены к астероиду Итокава вместе с "Хаябусой-1", а также европейский аппарат MASCOT. Роботы Rover-1A и Rover-1B были успешно сброшены на поверхность Рюгю в конце сентября.

Сложная процедура по высадке их европейского "кузена" началась в прошлый понедельник, а успешная посадка состоялась утром в среду. Как отметили в DLR, спуск MASCOT был идеальным с точки зрения пилотов миссии и ее научной "половины", что позволило роботу почти сразу начать исследования и установить связь с "Хаябусой-2".

Робот успешно решил все научные задачи миссии, собрав все необходимые данные и снимки для раскрытия тайн геологии Рюгю и изучения образцов первичной материи Солнечной системы. Потратив на это примерно одни астероидные "сутки", MASCOT проработал на поверхности астероида еще два дня, совершив несколько прыжков по его поверхности и собрав несколько дополнительных наборов данных.

Недавно "Хаябуса-2" закончила передачу данных, собранных ровером, и Яуманн и его команда начали изучение тайн астероида и историю странствий MASCOT по его поверхности. Уже сейчас, как отметили планетологи, можно говорить о том, они натолкнулись на массу новых и при этом крайне интересных загадок.

К примеру, во всех восьми точках, которых коснулся MASCOT во время своих прыжков по поверхности Рюгю, ученые нашли большое число гигантских кубообразных и просто угловатых блоков и булыжников, чьи размеры в некоторых случаях достигали около ста метров. Как они возникли и из чего они состоят – пока не понятно.

Вдобавок, ученые обнаружили, что плотность материи Рюгю была неожиданно низкой, заметно меньше, чем у аналогичных по составу метеоритов, так называемых углистых хондритов, которые периодически находят в Антарктике и в Австралии. Эти различия, как отмечает Яуманн, могут быть связаны как с разным происхождением Рюгю и этих "небесных камней", так и с тем, как материя астероидов меняется при падении на Землю.

Анализ всего массива данных, собранных MASCOT в разных точках на поверхности астероида, как надеются ученые, поможет раскрыть эти тайны и получить более полное представление о том, как была устроена первичная материя Солнечной системы.

РИА Новости https://ria.ru/science/20181012/1530560072.html

tnt22


sol

Выдвигаю гипотезу, которая объясняет форму, близкую к шару, глыбы и тсутствие пыли. 

Изначально будучи неправильной, как Итокава, формы и вращаясь астероид испытавал неравномерный прогрев внешних слоев. Это приводило к напряжениям в них, которое снималось расколами. Образовавшиеся при этом глыбы могли взлетать и падать, со временем сглаживая форму до более шарообразной. Пыль при этом тоже стряхивалась, но обратно не падала, ибо была уносима давлением солнечного света при ничтожной гравитации Рюгу.

Заявляю приоритет и аффторския права:)
Массаракш!

Жизнь - это падение в пропасть неизвестной глубины и заполненную туманом.

Serge3leo

#593
Цитироватьsol пишет:
...неправильной, как Итокава, формы и вращаясь астероид испытавал неравномерный прогрев внешних слоев... Рюгу... приоритет...
Хм  ;)  А это ничего, что у одного перигелий 0,95 АЕ, и у другого 0,96 АЕ  ;)

sol

Вот именно. С Итокавой этого не произошло потому как сильно мал и напряжений таких не возникло. Потому там и пыли больше....
Массаракш!

Жизнь - это падение в пропасть неизвестной глубины и заполненную туманом.

Юрий Темников

#595
Скорее всего пыль выбивалась падением на Рюгу камней.Его масса больше чем у Итогавы поэтому удары сильнее..Пыль уходит за пределы гравитационного радиуса и оседает на другие астероиды,Возможно и на Итогаву. А может просто в струю обломков попал.
Вначале было СЛОВО!И Такое......что все галактики покраснели и разбежались.

Сеян

Возможно пыль как мелкая фракция при многократных ударных вибрациях ушла в подповерхностные слои астероида.

tnt22

ЦитироватьHAYABUSA2@JAXA‏ @haya2e_jaxa 10 мин. назад

Hayabus2 project team have decided to postpone the touchdown from the end of October this year (2018) to after January next year.
#AsteroidLanding

tnt22

ЦитироватьHAYABUSA2@JAXA‏ @haya2e_jaxa 8 мин. назад

[TD1-R1-A] We have started the second rehearsal for the touchdown, which we call TD1-R1-A. The schedule is now online.
#AsteroidLanding
http://www.hayabusa2.jaxa.jp/en/topics/20181014e_TD1-R1-A/
ЦитироватьTD1-R1-A operation schedule

The second touchdown rehearsal will be performed from October 14 – 16. The purpose of this rehearsal is to confirm the operation characteristics of the LRF (Laser Range Finder) which performs the altitude measurement at short distances. To test this, the spacecraft will descend to an altitude of about 25m. This will be the lowest altitude reached to date.

The first touchdown rehearsal (TD1-R1) was conducted between September 10 – 12. During this operation, problems occurred with the distance measurement taken with the LIDAR (laser altimeter) once the spacecraft had descended to about 600m. This caused the spacecraft to rise autonomously. The issue was addressed by adjusting the settings on the laser altimeter and it was confirmed that there were no further issues during the subsequent separation operations of MINERVA-II1 and MASCOT. As the spacecraft was only able to descend to an altitude of 600m during TD-R1, the LRF characteristics could not be verified. Therefore, we are performing this check with this rehearsal.

Although this is the second time a rehearsal operation has been performed, the name is TD1-R1-A as it is re-starting the challenge of TD1-R1.

Main schedule for the TD1-R1-A operation
Спойлер
[TH]Date & Time(UTC)[/TH][TH]Date & Time(JST)[/TH][TH]Spacecraft speed (cm/s)[/TH][TH]HP altitude (m)[/TH][TH]Near-point altitude (m)[/TH][TH]Event[/TH]
10/13 23:0010/14 08:0020,000Communication via Usuda Deep Space Center begins
10/14 08:2010/14 17:20Communication via Madrid DSN begins
10/14 14:5010/14 23:50-4020,000Begin descent
10/14 16:1010/15 01:10Comm. via Goldstone DSN begins
10/14 19:4010/15 04:4013,000
10/14 23:0010/15 08:00Comm, via Usuda begins
10/15 01:1010/15 10:10-105,000Decelerate descent speedΔV
10/15 05:0010/15 14:00Comm. via Canberra begins
10/15 08:5010/15 17:50Comm. via Madrid be gins
10/15 09:5010/15 18:501,500
10/15 11:5010/15 20:50800
10/15 12:4010/15 21:40500
10/15 13:5010/15 22:5072~25ascent ΔV
10/15 14:1010/15 23:101,000
10/15 16:0010/16 01:00TBD6,000Increase ΔV to return to home position
10/15 17:0010/16 02:00Comm. via Goldstone begins
Notes:
    [/li]
  • Time: Approximate schedule time (in 10 minute increments). There is a possibility that this may change during operation. The time is the onboard time, so confirmation of the event is the radiowave propagation time of about 18 minutes later.
  • Spacecraft speed: This is the speed relative to the asteroid (minus is towards the asteroid, positive is away). Numerical value is displayed only when speed control is performed. After a speed control operation, the speed changes due to the gravitational force of Ryugu and other celestial bodies.
  • HP altitude: Distance to the center of Ryugu.
  • Near point altitude: Distance to the surface of Ryugu.
[свернуть]
Schematic of the TD1-R1-A operation


[Enlargement]
Figure 1: Schematic of the TD1-R1-A operation

Hayabusa2 project
2018.10.14

tnt22

ЦитироватьHAYABUSA2@JAXA‏ @haya2e_jaxa 8 мин. назад

[TD1-R1-A] October 15 at 00:20 JST : The spacecraft was confirmed to have started the descent from the home position (altitude of about 20km) as planned.
#AsteroidLanding