Новости МКС

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NASA ScienceCasts: A Chip Off the Old Block

ScienceAtNASA

Опубликовано: 18 апр. 2019 г.

Living 3D versions of human organs called Tissue Chips are being sent to the International Space Station to be studied in microgravity.

(4:06)

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NASA's New Flying Robots Will Be Busy Bees

NASA's Ames Research Center

Опубликовано: 17 апр. 2019 г.

Astrobee is a free-flying robot system for the International Space Station. Designed and built at NASA's Ames Research Center in California's Silicon Valley, the system will be used to help scientists and engineers develop and test technologies for use in zero-gravity. These robots are designed to assist astronauts in Earth's orbit and support sustained human exploration to the Moon, Mars or other deep space destinations.

(1:29)

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Space to Ground: Marathon Mission: 04/19/2019

NASA Johnson

Опубликовано: 19 апр. 2019 г.

(3:00)

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https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/04/19/cygnus-supply-ship-delivers-3-8-ton-cargo-load-to-international-space-station/

Cygnus supply ship delivers 3.8-ton cargo load to International Space Station
April 19, 2019 | Stephen Clark


The Cygnus spacecraft, christened the S.S. Roger Chaffee, is in the firm grasp of the space station's Canadian-built robotic arm Friday after arrival. Credit: David Saint-Jacques/CSA/NASA

NASA flight engineer Anne McClain grappled Northrop Grumman's Cygnus supply ship with the International Space Station's robotic arm Friday, marking the automated cargo freighter's arrival after an abbreviated day-and-a-half-long journey fr om a launch pad in Virginia with nearly 7,600 pounds of experiments, food and provisions.

Commanding the Canadian-built robot arm fr om a control station in the cupola module, McClain guided the arm's end effector over a grapple pin on the rear end of the Cygnus spaceship as the cargo craft held steady roughly 30 feet (10 meters) below the complex. Mission control in Houston declared a successful capture of Cygnus at 5:28 a.m. EDT (0928 GMT) as the station sailed 258 miles (415 kilometers) over northeastern France.

Northrop Grumman christened the Cygnus the S.S. Roger Chaffee, after the late astronaut who perished in the Apollo 1 fire in 1967 alongside Gus Grissom and Ed White.

"It's to have the S.S. Roger Chaffee officially on-board, and we look forward to working with the over 7,000 pounds of cargo for the next few months," McClain radioed moments after the capture of Cygnus.

Engineers on the ground later took over the arm, which launched aboard the space shuttle Endeavour 19 years ago Friday, to place Cygnus on a berthing port on the nadir, or Earth-facing side of the station's Unity module, where a series of latches and bolts closed to create a firm connection at 7:31 a.m. EDT (1131 GMT).

Friday's arrival marked the end of a shorter-than-usual rendezvous profile for the Cygnus spacecraft following its launch fr om Wallops Island, Virginia, on Wednesday aboard an Antares rocket. Northrop Grumman modified the Cygnus flight plan to include a pair of automated altitude boost burns shortly after separation fr om the Antares launcher, giving the supply ship a head start on the way to the space station.

Спойлер

The change is one of several new upgrades and features on this Cygnus mission, the 11th and last resupply flight by Northrop Grumman under the company's $2.89 billion cargo transportation contract with NASA signed in 2008. Northrop Grumman has a follow-on contract with NASA for at least six additional Cygnus missions beginning in October.

Under the second contract, Northrop Grumman will provide expanded cargo capacity to NASA, including the ability to load time-sensitive equipment into the ship's pressurized module less than 24 hours before launch, and the revamped rendezvous profile to get to the station faster. Officials rehearsed the new procedures on this mission, designated NG-11.

On the next Cygnus mission, the Antares rocket's main engines will fly at higher throttle settings, allowing the mission to carry up to 10 percent more cargo.

The station astronauts planned to open hatches leading to the Cygnus spacecraft's internal cabin later Friday to begin unpacking the equipment inside, which includes a carrier containing 40 mice for researchers to study their immune systems in space by examining their bodies' response to tetanus vaccinations. The rodents and their habitat were loaded into the Cygnus supply ship the night before launch, the first time mice have rode a Cygnus mission to the space station.


Engineers load the final cargo into the Cygnus spacecraft Tuesday night, the day before launch from Wallops Island, Virginia. Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls

Two remotely-operated Astrobee robots developed at NASA's Ames Research Center in California were also delivered to the space station Friday. The battery-powered cube-shaped robots will maneuver through the space station's internal volume to perform inspections and assist crew members in their work, replacing NASA's three aging SPHERES robots that have been on the station since 2006.

"We're replacing them with the Astrobee, so we've built in a lot of features in the Astrobee to actually facilitate research," said Maria Bualat, Astrobee's project manager and deputy lead of the intelligent robotics group at Ames. "One is that there are multiple payload bay ... So we have these open areas on the robot wh ere you can plug in, both at the top and bottom, payloads very easily."

In the last few years, the SPHERES robots have conducted experiments investigating sloshing of liquids inside space vehicles and the robotic capture of space debris. Like SPHERES, the Astrobee robots will allow researchers to demonstrate new capabilities in a controlled pressurized environment inside the space station.

"It can be used for science and technology development," Bualat said. "So it can carry other payloads that we want to test in microgravity but it can also be used as a tool by ground controllers. So we can use the camera to do video surveys or to observe crew activities, so that the ground can be actually ready to answer any questions the crew might have in a complex activity, and they also don't have to take crew time to move the camera. So if the camera happens to be placed badly ... they can actually just fly the camera to another location.

"The other thing we can do is we can carry other instruments," she said. "We can carry sensors for environmental understanding, so for instance CO2 sensors to understand the concentrations, we can carry radiation sensors, we also can carry RFID readers that can do inventories and find lost tools or lost equipment that we're not sure wh ere it is. We can actually fly the robot around and look for equipment needed for other experiments. In that way, we don't have to have the crew looking for a needed piece of equipment."

The Astrobee robot will use vision-based navigation — comparing what it sees to a pre-loaded map of the station — to know wh ere it is on the space station, according to Bualat. A propulsion module using air intakes and nozzles will provide the impulse needed to fly around the space station, and a docking port is available to connect to each robot for battery charging.


Roberto Carlino, electronics and integration engineer at NASA's Ames Research Center in Silicon Valley conducts acoustics testing in an anechoic chamber at NASA's Johnson Space Center, Houston. The test measures the noise level of Astrobee when the robot is docked and when the robot activates its fan-based propulsion system to undock. Credits: NASA's Johnson Space Center/Robert Markowitz

"It pulls air in through a circular central fan, which lightly pressurizes the propulsion module, and then there are six nozzles on each side — so 12 total — that open and close, and that is how the robot moves around station," Bualat said.

A third Astrobee robot is expected fly on a SpaceX cargo mission to the station later this year.

Other hardware carried by the Cygnus spacecraft includes a device designed to manufacture optical fibers in orbit. The Space Fibers facility, developed by a San Diego company named FOMS, will help engineers determine the effectiveness and quality of optical fibers manufactured in microgravity.

FOMS is one of two companies, along with Made in Space, seeking to manufacture optical fibers on the space station. Officials from both companies believe a blend of materials called ZBLAN — which stands for zirconium, barium, lanthanum, sodium and aluminum — can be assembled into optical fibers in microgravity with higher quality than traditional silica-based fibers used on Earth.

"The immediate opportunities for these fibers are in remote sensing and defense applications, but there is a wide market opportunity for telecom applications as well," said Dmitry Starodubov, chief scientist for the Space Fibers facility from FOMS Inc.

Eleven CubeSats developed by students and startup companies also rode to the station inside the Cygnus cargo module. The astronauts will take the CubeSats to the station's Japanese Kibo lab module, wh ere they will be installed on a deployer for transfer through Kibo's airlock and release into orbit from the robot arm.

The CubeSats launched inside Cygnus for deployment from the space station include:

[/li]
• EntrySat was developed by the ISAE-SUPAERO aeronautics and space institute in France with support from CNES, the French space agency. The 3U CubeSat, about the size of a loaf of bread, was built by French students and will use position, pressure, temperature and heat flux sensors to study re-entry of orbital debris, according to CNES.
• IOD-1 GEMS is the first in-orbit demonstration 3U CubeSat for a Global Environmental Monitoring System constellation planned by Orbital Micro Systems, a Colorado-based company with a major data center in Scotland. The IOD-1 GEMS nanosatellite is funded by Innovate UK, and will gather and transmit atmospheric observation data. It is the first of Orbital Micro Systems' planned fleet of 48 CubeSats to collect global microwave radiation data for weather forecasting.
• KRAKSat, developed by students at the University of Science and Technology and Jagiellonian University in Poland, will test the viability of a ferrofluid flywheel to control the nanosatellite's orientation in space. "A torus, surrounded by eight electromagnets, and placed inside a ferrofluid is a main part of our experiment," the KRAKSat team wrote in a mission summary. "By changing magnetic field, we accelerate the ferrofluid, causing its spinning motion. The result of this movement should be the rotation of the satellite in the opposite direction."
• Swiatowid is a technology demonstration satellite developed by SatRevolution S.A., a Polish startup company. The 2U CubeSat carries a telescope and an "industry-quality" camera sensor to demonstrate high-resolution imaging from low Earth orbit using small satellites. Swiatowid is designed to collect imagery with a ground sample distance of 3 meters, or about 10 feet, and the team aims to improve that to 1 meter (3 feet) on future missions.
• The Virginia CubeSat Constellation mission consists of three 1U CubeSats, each a bit larger than a Rubik's cube, developed by Virginia undergraduate students at the University of Virginia, Old Dominion University, Virginia Tech and Hampton University. Named Aeternitas, Cetes and Libertas, the CubeSats will measure the orbital decay of a constellation of small satellites and develops a database of atmospheric drag and the variability of atmospheric properties, according to NASA.
• Uguisu, Raavana 1, and NepaliSat 1 are 1U CubeSats developed by student and research teams in Japan, Sri Lanka and Nepal under the auspices of the international Birds program.
• SpooQy 1, developed at the National University of Singapore, will demonstrate quantum entanglement with a CubeSat for the first time.
  

The Swiatowid spacecraft. Credit: SatRevolution S.A.

The Cygnus spacecraft also delivered the equivalent of more than 800 meals to the space station, according to NASA. The meals include smoked turkey, pork chops, shrimp cocktail, and desserts such as cherry cobbler, chocolate pudding and lemon cake.

The S.S. Roger Chaffee's pressurized cargo module, built by Thales Alenia Space in Italy, is packed with 6,971 pounds (3,162 kilograms) of supplies and experiments. Here's a breakdown of the cargo manifest provided by NASA:

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• 3,459 pounds (1,569 kilograms) of science investigations
• 2,065 pounds (936 kilograms) of crew supplies
• 1,384 pounds (628 kilograms) of vehicle hardware
• 77 pounds (35 kilograms) of Northrop Grumman hardware
• 53 pounds (24 kilograms) of spacewalk equipment
• 10 pounds (5 kilograms) of computer resources
  

More than 500 pounds of additional payload hardware is affixed outside the Cygnus spacecraft to support CubeSat deployments after departing the space station, bringing the total payload complement on NG-11 to 7,575 pounds (3,436 kilograms).

The Cygnus supply ship is expected to remain berthed at the International Space Station's Unity module until July 23, when it will be released by the station's robotic arm with several tons of trash for disposal.

Northrop Grumman's ground team in Dulles, Virginia, will send the Cygnus spacecraft into a higher orbit for deployment of several more CubeSats from a NanoRacks module and a Slingshot mechanism.

One of the CubeSats to be released after Cygnus' departure from the space station is named Seeker. Developed at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, with a camera system provided by engineers at the University of Texas at Austin, Seeker will perform an inspection of the Cygnus spacecraft to demonstrate in-space navigation and imaging capabilities that could be used on future missions in deep space.

Two AeroCube 10 nanosatellites from the Aerospace Corp. will also separate from Cygnus to conduct experiments in satellite-to-satellite pointing, evaluate the use of a water-based stream thruster, and release 29 tiny atmospheric probes to measure air density in low Earth orbit.

Northrop Grumman plans several months of long-duration spaceflight experiments using the Cygnus spacecraft after release of the CubeSats. Four miniaturized control moment gyroscopes are flying on the cargo freighter for the first time, and engineers will assess their performance in controlling the spacecraft's pointing without consuming rocket fuel.

Ground teams also want to evaluate how the Cygnus spacecraft's avionics function on a long-duration mission, and Northrop Grumman plans to demonstrate dual Cygnus operations for the first time after the launch of the company's next resupply mission later this year.

Like all previous Cygnus missions, the spacecraft will burn up during re-entry over the Pacific Ocean once the extended mission demonstration is complete.

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Экипаж экспедиции 60 (с июля 2019 г.)

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Официальная запись трансляции захвата и пристыковки Cygnus NG-11 к МКС

Cygnus CRS 11 Rendezvous and Capture - April 19, 2019

NASA Video

Опубликовано: 19 апр. 2019 г.

(1:41:58)

Cygnus CRS 11 Installation to the ISS - April 19, 2019

NASA Video

Опубликовано: 19 апр. 2019 г.

(42:11)

[tnt22]

. Роскосмос
час назад

#НовостиИзНевесомости от космонавта Олега Кононенко 

Продолжаем рассказывать про исследования, проводимые на борту Международной космической станции. На этот раз — медицинский эксперимент «Альгометрия». 

С его помощью проводится анализ болевой чувствительности человека, целью которого является улучшение методов оказания медицинской помощи. Наибольшую актуальность этот метод приобретает в связи с перспективой межпланетных перелетов, когда эвакуация пострадавшего будет невозможна. 

Суть измерения — количественная оценка болевого ощущения, необходимая при выборе обезболивающих препаратов. Изучение порога болевой чувствительности проводится двумя методами: механическое раздражение определенной точки кожной поверхности и тепловое раздражение. Они измеряются до полета, во время и после него, позже эти величины сравниваются. 

Первое обследование на МКС должно быть проведено после двух недель пребывания на борту, после — с периодичностью раз в месяц. Тензоальгометрия проводится с помощью прибора «Альгометра», представленного на снимках.

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https://blogs.nasa.gov/stationreport/2019/04/19/iss-daily-summary-report-4192019/

ISS Daily Summary Report – 4/19/2019

Medical Proteomics:

Спойлер

The crew performed a blood draw session in support of the JAXA Medical Proteomics experiment. Medical Proteomics evaluates changes of proteins in blood serum, bone and skeletal muscles after space flight, and supports identification of osteopenia-related proteins. By combining research results for space mice, astronauts and ground patients, proteins related to osteopenia can be identified using the latest proteome analysis technique. It is anticipated that the use of the marker proteins related to osteopenia will be of benefit in the future for assessing the health of astronauts as well as osteoporosis patients on ground.

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SUBSA (Solidification Using a Baffle in Sealed Ampoules) sample exchange:

Спойлер

The crew removed the completed InI (Indium Iodide) sample cartridge #7 and inserted sample cartridge #5 to be processed. Both of these are solidification-from-melt samples and require up to 50hrs to be fully processed. The experiment currently running in SUBSA is the Detached Melt and Vapor Growth of InI. InI is ideal for space experiments in the SUBSA Transparent Furnace because it's non-toxic, has a relatively low melting point of only 365°C, and does not react or stick to the silica crucible. Directional solidification of InI fr om the melt can be performed at a rate of 5 mm/hr, and growth from the vapor can be performed at ~5 mm/week. This work advances the process of fabricating high-quality InI and other crystals on Earth for use as better and less expensive detectors of nuclear radiation.

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Two-Phase flow 2:

Спойлер

As a continuation of Two-Phase Flow series of experiments, the crew altered the valve settings of the Two-Phase Flow Experiment Unit. The Two-Phase Flow experiment investigates the heat transfer characteristics of flow boiling in the microgravity environment. This experiment provides a fundamental understanding of the behaviors of bubble formation, liquid-vapor flow in a tube, and how heat is transferred in cooling systems. This investigation also seeks to establish a database of thermodynamic data for microgravity boiling and two-phase flow.

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Northrop Grumman 11 (NG-11):

Спойлер

The crew successfully captured Cygnus with the Space Station Remote Manipulation System (SSRMS) today at 4:28AM CT. Once captured, they handed off control of the SSRMS to ground Robotics Controllers who then maneuvered the vehicle to the Node 1 Nadir (N1N) Common Berthing Mechanism (CBM) interface wh ere it was securely bolted to the ISS. Once the CBM bolting operations were complete, the crew and ground teams worked together to perform Node 1 CBM vestibule pressurization followed by hatch opening and ingress at 11:08 AM CT; NG-11 brings approximately 3426 kg of cargo to ISS.

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In Flight Maintenance (IFM):

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As part of regularly scheduled preventative maintenance, the crew performed a manual Waste and Hygiene Compartment (WHC) flush tank fill. By using a Post-Flight Analysis Bag to capture any pressure relief, also known as the burp, they depressurized the flush water tank and water valve block to protect the dose pump; this pump is critical as it injects the pre-treat required to properly recycle waste urine.

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Public Affairs Office (PAO) Live Event:

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Today Nick Hague participated in a live PAO event with Military Officers Magazine and recorded a downlink message for the "Spot the Station" feature on NASA TV.

[/li]
• Military Officers Association of America (MOAA) is the nation's largest and most influential association of military officers and today's interview will be used in a future article highlighting Nick's contributions in space.
• As the third brightest object in the night sky, the International Space Station can often be seen with the naked eye when flying over the Earth at dusk or dawn. The "Spot the Station" feature will highlight today's message and help users search for the ISS when it flies over their location.
  

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Adlink Mini PC Remove and Replace (R&R):

Спойлер

Today the crew replaced suspect Adlink Mini PC S/N 1001 with new unit in preparation for the Thermal Amine payload launching on SpaceX-17; the old unit failed its checkout and was stowed for later troubleshooting.

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https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2019/04/22/new-life-science-begins-next-dragon-cargo-mission-due-next-week/

New Life Science Begins; Next Dragon Cargo Mission Due Next Week

Mark Garcia
Posted Apr 22, 2019 at 12:47 pm


The Canadarm2 robotic arm is positioned to grapple the Northrop Grumman Cygnus cargo craft as it approaches its capture point with the International Space Station orbiting 255 miles above the Atlantic Ocean. Highlighting the foreground is the Soyuz MS-12 crew ship docked to the Rassvet module.

The Expedition 59 crew has been unpacking Northrop Grumman's Cygnus cargo craft over the weekend and began science operations on the newly delivered space research. The 17th SpaceX Dragon mission is now due to launch next week to replenish the International Space Station.

Three NASA astronauts and one Canadian Space Agency astronaut split the workday measuring the mass of 40 mice shipped to the station aboard Cygnus last week. Flight Engineers Anne McClain and Christina Koch started the first half of the day with Flight Engineers Nick Hague and David Saint-Jacques wrapping up the rodent research work in the afternoon. The quartet used the mass measurement device inside the Life Sciences Glovebox beginning the study to learn how microgravity impacts the immune system.

The SpaceX Dragon cargo craft is due to join the five other spacecraft parked at the station after it launches from Florida April 30. Dragon is scheduled to arrive May 2 and Saint-Jacques will command the Canadarm2 robotic arm to reach out and capture the cargo vessel. Dragon will deliver over 5,000 pounds of new science, supplies and hardware to the orbital lab.

Cosmonauts Oleg Kononenko and Alexey Ovchinin stayed focused on the Russian side of the station with their complement of orbital science and lab maintenance. Commander Kononenko updated communications gear, cleaned fans and filters and explored enzyme behaviors. Flight Engineer Ovchinin offloaded cargo from the new Progress 72 resupply ship and studied radiation exposure.

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Emulate Tissue Chip Research on the International Space Station

Center for the Advancement of Science In Space (CASIS)

Опубликовано: 22 апр. 2019 г.

Emulate is an innovative and emerging biotechnology company sending a tissue chip investigation to the International Space Station U.S. National Laboratory. Learn about tissue chip technology, and how the microgravity environment of the space station can influence science to benefit patient care on Earth.

(2:05)

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M.I.T. Osteoarthritis Tissue Chips to the International Space Station

Center for the Advancement of Science In Space (CASIS)

Опубликовано: 22 апр. 2019 г.

There are no disease-modifying drugs for any type of osteoarthritis on Earth other than painkillers, which do not halt the progression of disease. These investigations on the ISS National Lab, which involve human tissue explants of cartilage, bone and synovial tissue, have the potential to lead to the discovery of treatments and treatment regimens that, if administered immediately after a joint injury, may halt the progression of the disease before it becomes irreversible. The goal of this research is to treat the root cause of post-traumatic osteoarthritis disease and prevent permanent joint damage, rather than mask the symptoms with painkillers later in life, as is currently done.

(1:46)

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ISS National Lab Research Overview, SpaceX CRS-17

Center for the Advancement of Science In Space (CASIS)

Опубликовано: 22 апр. 2019 г.

The International Space Station U.S. National Laboratory is sponsoring an array of research projects that will launch onboard SpaceX's Dragon spacecraft. This mission includes biotechnology, plant biology, pharmaceutical drug delivery research, and more. To learn more about this science on SpaceX's 17th resupply mission to the space station, check out the ISS National Lab research video!

(2:32)

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https://blogs.nasa.gov/stationreport/2019/04/22/iss-daily-summary-report-4222019/

ISS Daily Summary Report – 4/22/2019

Treadmill 2 (T2) Mechanical Issues and False Fire:

Спойлер

During a T2 session this morning, the crew reported that the belt slowed dramatically, a grinding noise was heard, and the T2 Smoke Detector triggered a fire alarm. Air measurements confirmed this to be a false fire event and investigation by the crew confirmed that the T2 slats are not square with the T2 closeout panel. T2 remains No-Go for use at this time. Ground teams are reviewing additional imagery of the hardware and will hold meetings this afternoon to discuss their findings.

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NanoRacks Platforms:

Спойлер

Over the weekend, a crewmember installed Module 78 onto NanoRacks Platform 1 and removed Module 77. NanoRacks Platforms is a multipurpose research facility on board the International Space Station (ISS). NanoRacks Platforms supports NanoRacks Modules in the CubeSat form factor by providing power and data transfer capabilities to operate investigations in microgravity.

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Space Tango MultiLab Locker (TangoLab-1):

Спойлер

Over the weekend, a crewmember installed a new sample CardCube in the TangoLab-1 facility. TangoLab-1 is a reconfigurable general research facility designed for microgravity research and development and pilot manufacturing aboard the ISS.

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Rodent Research-12 (RR-12):

Спойлер

Today, crewmembers transferred 40 mice from the Cygnus spacecraft into the ISS Rodent Habitats. RR-12, Tetanus Antibody Response by B cells in Space (TARBIS), examines the effects of spaceflight on the function of antibody production and immune memory. Spaceflight is known to have a dramatic influence on immune response, but there is little research on its effect following an actual challenge to the body's immune system. Using a mouse model makes this possible, as the mouse immune system closely parallels that of humans.

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Radiation Dosimetry Inside ISS-Neutrons (RADI-N2):

Спойлер

Today, a crewmember retrieved 2 temporarily stowed dosimeters for deployment in crew quarters and the other to be donned for 7 days. Six dosimeters were retrieved from a Russian crewmember and were deployed in the Cupola. The objective of this Canadian Space Agency (CSA) investigation is to better characterize the ISS neutron environment, define the risk posed to the crew members' health, and provide the data necessary to develop advanced protective measures for future spaceflight. It has been recognized that neutrons make up a significant fraction (10-30%) of the biologically effective radiation exposure in low-Earth orbit. The bubble detectors used in the investigation are designed detect neutrons and ignore all other radiation.

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Fluid Shifts:

Спойлер

Today, a crewmember performed the Dilution Measures setup in preparation of blood, urine, and saliva collections. The purpose of this study is to characterize fluid distribution and compartmentalization associated with long-duration space flight, and to correlate these findings with vision changes and other elements of the Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular (SANS) syndrome.

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POLAR:

Спойлер

Today, a crewmember activated and checked out POLAR 6 and 8. POLAR is a Cold Stowage managed facility that provides transport and storage of science samples at cryogenic temperatures (-80ºC) to and from the ISS.

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Spaceborne Computer:

Спойлер

Today, Spaceborne Computer was deactivated by ground controllers and therefore completing its experiment and will be de-installed and stowed. Spaceborne Computer's goal is to run a yearlong experiment of high performance commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) computer systems on the ISS. During high radiation events, they intend to verify if the systems can still operate correctly by lowering their power, and therefore, speed. This research helps scientists identify ways of using software to protect ISS computers without expensive, time-consuming or bulky protective shielding.

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Thermal Amine System:

Спойлер

Today, the crewmembers completed preliminary steps for the new Thermal Amine System, which arrived on NG-11. Thermal Amine System tests a method to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from air aboard the ISS, using actively heated and cooled amine beds. Controlling CO2 levels on the station reduces the likelihood of crewmembers experiencing symptoms of CO2 buildup, which include fatigue, headache, breathing difficulties, strained eyes, and itchy skin. The system includes elements that reduce loss of water vapor, and recover CO2 for use in electrolysis to produce oxygen.

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Northrop Grumman 11 (NG-11) Cygnus Cargo Operations:

Спойлер

After Friday's successful berthing of NG-11, the crew ingressed the vehicle and started unloading cargo; since then, the crew has completed approximately 17 hours of cargo operations. Ground teams estimate ~20 hours of cargo operations remain to completely unload the vehicle of the newly arrived equipment and science.

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Waste and Hygiene Compartment (WHC) Urine Receptacle Remove and Replace (R&R):

Спойлер

Today, the crew removed and replaced the WHC Urine Receptacle and Insert Filter. After replacement, a functionality test of the WHC was performed and the WHC was declared operational.

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https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2019/04/23/human-research-materials-science-and-robotics-on-tuesdays-schedule/

Human Research, Materials Science and Robotics on Tuesday's Schedule

Mark Garcia
Posted Apr 23, 2019 at 11:51 am


The moon is photographed in its waning gibbous phase just above the Earth's limb as the International Space Station orbited 258 miles above the North Atlantic Ocean just off the Canadian-American coast.

The Expedition 59 crew spent the majority of Tuesday conducting space experiments and setting up research hardware. The International Space Station residents are also continuing to unpack a pair of recently arrived cargo ships while training for the next U.S. cargo mission.

The weightless conditions of microgravity pull fluids towards an astronaut's head causing a common space phenomenon sometimes called "puffy-face". Flight Engineer Nick Hague of NASA spent the morning collecting and stowing his blood, urine and saliva samples for the long-running Fluid Shifts study. The research observes and seeks to reverse the upward flow of fluids causing increased head and eye pressure that concerns flight surgeons.

NASA astronaut Christina Koch set up hardware in the Destiny lab module to begin researching the feasibility of manufacturing fiber optic cable in space. The Space Fibers study takes place inside the Microgravity Science Glovebox and will explore a blend of materials more transparent than silica-based glass.

A new materials exposure experiment is ready for deployment outside Japan's Kibo lab module. NASA astronaut Anne McClain installed the MISSE-FF gear inside Kibo's airlock before depressurizing the unit. Robotics controllers will deploy the exposed sample trays outside the airlock. The study will help scientists understand how radiation, the vacuum of space and micrometeoroids affect a variety of materials.

Canadian Space Agency astronaut David Saint-Jacques is training for his role to capture the next SpaceX Dragon cargo craft. Hague joined him today for the robotics training and will back him up in the cupola. Dragon is scheduled to launch April 30 fr om Florida and take a two-day trip to the station wh ere it will be grappled with the Canadarm2 robotic arm and installed to the Harmony module.

Commander Oleg Kononenko helped attach sensors to Flight Engineer Alexey Ovchinin as the duo researched cardiovascular activity during exercise in space. Kononenko went on to replace smoke detectors as Ovchinin worked on life support maintenance.

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Christina H Koch‏Подлинная учетная запись @Astro_Christina 3 ч. назад

Bring on the delicate tasks! I got to reconfigure the Advanced Combustion Microgravity Experiment, enabling scientists to keep pushing the envelope in fuel efficiency and pollutant reduction for combustion processes on Earth. Did you know flames burn like spheres in microgravity?

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https://ria.ru/20190424/1552987792.html

Космонавты в 2019 году выйдут в открытый космос с борта МКС один раз
03:04

МОСКВА, 24 апр - РИА Новости. Один выход российских космонавтов в открытый космос с борта Международной космической станции (МКС) планируется в 2019 году, сообщил РИА Новости в среду представитель пресс-службы Роскосмоса.

В середине марта российский космонавт Алексей Овчинин на предполетной пресс-конференции на космодроме Байконур сообщил, что его выход с борта МКС вместе с Олегом Кононенко намечается на 29 мая.

"Запланирована одна внекорабельная деятельность на этот год - в мае", - сказал представитель пресс-службы Роскосмоса.

Источник РИА Новости в ракетно-космической отрасли сказал, что если бы запуск многоцелевого лабораторного модуля "Наука" к МКС не был отложен с 2019 года на июль 2020 года, то выходов по российской программе было бы больше. "А теперь нет необходимости в проведении в 2019 году выходов для подготовки МКС к приему модуля", - пояснил собеседник агентства.

Ранее ракетно-космическая корпорация "Энергия" сообщила на своем сайте, что Кононенко и Овчинин во время выхода в мае проведут очистку иллюминаторов модулей российского сегмента станции, а также совершат ряд операций по программе научно-прикладных исследований и экспериментов. Они должны будут снять размещенные на поверхности МКС панели "Выносливость" с образцами конструкционных материалов, выставленных в космосе для изучения влияния на них факторов космического полета, установить новые планшеты.

Также космонавтам в рамках эксперимента "Тест" предстоит взять мазки с поверхности станции для исследования влияния факторов космических полетов и живущих на поверхности станции бактерий на микроразрушение оболочки станции.

Спойлер

Модуль "Наука" начали строить в 1995 году как наземный дублер первого модуля МКС "Заря". В 2004 году было принято решение сэкономить на создании нового отсека для российского сегмента станции и переоборудовать "дублера" в полноценный летный модуль. Его запуск назначили на 2007 год, однако в срок завершить изготовление не успели, ежегодно откладывая его запуск.

В 2013 году, после передачи модуля от предприятия-изготовителя - Центр Хруничева - в РКК "Энергия" на дооснащение внутренним оборудованием, при тестировании оказалось, что в топливной системе содержатся посторонние частицы. Их наличие могло привести к поломке двигательной системы всей МКС при перекачке топлива, поэтому было принято решение вернуть модуль производителю на доработку. Планировалось, что баки будут разрезаны, внутренние конструкции очищены, а затем баки сварят обратно. После этого модуль предполагалось отправить на космодром Байконур для подготовки к запуску и дооснащению оборудованием.

В марте 2019 года генеральный директор Роскосмоса Дмитрий Рогозин сообщил, что модуль "Наука" покинет Центр Хруничева в августе этого года и будет перевезен в РКК "Энергия" для предполетных испытаний. По его словам, модуль необходимо отправить на МКС до лета 2020 года из-за окончания ресурса его приборов и двигателей. Поэтому принято решение заменить его загрязненные металлической стружкой баки на баки от разгонного блока "Фрегат".

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https://ria.ru/20190424/1553015606.html

На американском сегменте МКС сломалась беговая дорожка
18:05

МОСКВА, 24 апр - РИА Новости. Американский беговой тренажер отказал на борту Международной космической станции (МКС) и был заменен на запасной, сообщило в среду НАСА.

На МКС имеются две беговых дорожки: одна (БД-2) находится в российском модуле "Звезда" и на ней занимаются спортом российские космонавты, другая (T2) расположена в американском модуле Tranquility и ею пользуются зарубежные астронавты.

На сайте НАСА отмечается, что на днях при занятии бегом произошла нештатная ситуация с дорожкой T2. Специалисты на Земле проанализировали доступную информацию и пришли к выводу о необходимости замены дорожки, срок службы которой уже закончился.

Агентство сообщило, что экипаж установил запасную дорожку вместо неисправной. Поскольку новая дорожка несколько лет хранилась в надувном модуле BEAM, то специалисты сейчас проверяют ее работоспособность.

Спойлер

В настоящее время на борту МКС находится экипаж из россиян Олега Кононенко и Алексея Овчинина, американцев Энн МакКлейн, Ника Хейга и Кристины Кук, а также канадца Давида Сен-Жака.

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https://blogs.nasa.gov/stationreport/2019/04/23/iss-daily-summary-report-4232019/

ISS Daily Summary Report – 4/23/2019

Solidification Using Baffles in Sealed Ampoules SUBSA):

Спойлер

The crew de-installed the SUBSA hardware facility fr om the Microgravity Science Glovebox (MSG) work volume. The objective of the SUBSA investigation is to advance understanding of the processes involved in semiconductor crystal growth. It offers a gradient freeze furnace for materials science investigations that can reach 850°C. Samples are contained in transparent quartz or ceramic ampoules with high definition video imaging available in real-time along with remote commanding of thermal control parameters.

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Fluid Shifts:

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The crew performed blood and Urine collections in support of the Fluid Shifts study. The purpose of this study is to characterize fluid distribution and compartmentalization associated with long-duration space flight, and to correlate these findings with vision changes and other elements of the SANS syndrome.

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Rodent Research-12 (RR-12):

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The crew performed a water and lighting check on the Rodent Habitat facilities. Rodent Research-12, Tetanus Antibody Response by B cells in Space (TARBIS), examines the effects of spaceflight on the function of antibody production and immune memory. Spaceflight is known to have a dramatic influence on immune response, but there is little research on its effect following an actual challenge to the body's immune system. Using a mouse model makes this possible, as the mouse immune system closely parallels that of humans.

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Glacier (General Laboratory Active Cryogenic ISS Experiment Refrigerator):

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The crew installed the Basic Express Rack Glacier-5 (unpowered) into a Lab module Express Rack. Once installed the crew removed the tray and the left vertical support. GLACIER provides a double middeck-locker-size freezer/refrigerator for a variety of experiments that require temperatures ranging from +4 °C (39 °F) and -160 °C (-301 °F). The GLACIER is compatible with the EXpedite the PRocessing of Experiments to Space Station (EXPRESS) rack.

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EPO AstroPi:

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The crew relocated the AstroPi hardware from Node 2 to the Columbus module. In the European AstroPi Challenge, students and young people are offered the amazing opportunity to conduct scientific investigations in space by writing computer programs that run on Astro Pi's – special Raspberry Pi computers aboard the ISS. Students can choose either 'Life in Space' or 'Life on Earth' as themes for their experiments.

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Space Fibers:

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The crew installed the Space Fibers experiment hardware into the Microgravity Science Glovebox (MSG) work volume. Manufacturing Fiber Optic Cable in Microgravity (Space Fibers) evaluates a method for producing fiber optic cable from a blend of zirconium, barium, lanthanum, sodium and aluminum, called ZBLAN, in space. ZBLAN produces glass one hundred times more transparent than silica-based glass, exceptional for fiber optics. Microgravity suppresses two mechanisms that commonly degrade fiber, and previous studies showed improved properties in fiber drawn in microgravity compared to that fabricated on the ground.

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Cryo Chiller:

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The crew installed the Cryo Chiller facility into JEM Express rack J1 and installed an empty sample cartridge into the volume. Cryo Chiller is a single Expedite the Processing of Experiments to Space Station (EXPRESS) locker replacement unit which provides rapid freezing capability in support of biological sciences, as well as temperature-controlled transfer to/from the International Space Station (ISS) on visiting vehicles.

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Mutation, Selection and Population Dynamics (MVP Cell-02):

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The crew installed the MVP-2 platform onto Express Rack 4 and historical took photos. The Experimental Evolution of Bacillus subtilis Populations in Space: MVP-02 investigation seeks to understand how organisms adapt to the space environment, an important component of future space exploration. Microbes may play fundamental roles in the development of biologically-based closed-loop regenerative life support, in-situ resource utilization, and will have extensive interactions with human and plant hosts. Further, microbes may pose challenges through virulence and contamination, and as nuisance factors such as biofilms in water supply and ventilation systems.

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Materials ISS Experiment Flight Facility (MISSE-FF):

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Today a crewmember installed three new MSCs onto the Materials ISS Experiment (MISSE) Transfer Tray (MTT) in the JEM airlock. These MSCs will be robotically moved to the MISSE-FF facility. The primary Materials ISS Experiment Flight Facility (MISSE-FF) platform provides the ability to test materials, coatings, and components or other larger experiments in the harsh environment of space, which is virtually impossible to do collectively on Earth. Testing in low-Earth orbit (LEO) allows the integrated testing of how materials react to exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV), atomic oxygen (AO), ionizing radiation, ultrahigh vacuum (UHV), charged particles, thermal cycles, electromagnetic radiation, and micro-meteoroids in the LEO environment.

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Treadmill 2 (T2) Remove & Replace (R&R):

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Yesterday, T2 experienced an anomaly during crew exercise. After reviewing all available data, ground experts determined that this T2 had reached its end of life and an R&R, using an on-orbit spare, was required. After ingressing the Bigelow Expandable Activity Module (BEAM) module, wh ere the spare T2 treadmill was stowed, the crew completed the R&R and a subsequent Activation and Checkout (ACO). Since the new T2 treadmill has been stowed for several years, specialists are currently reviewing the data from the ACO to ensure full functionality and capture a data baseline for future maintenance activities.

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Northrop Grumman 11 (NG-11) Cygnus Cargo Operations:

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The crew continued with NG-11 cargo ops today, having completed approximately 23 hours of cargo operations since berthing on Friday. Ground teams estimate ~14 hours of cargo operations remain to completely unload the vehicle of the newly arrived equipment and science.

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Dragon Onboard Training (OBT) and Crew Conference:

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The crew reviewed Dragon Robotics procedures and participated in a conference with ground specialists to cover the OBT plan in preparation for SpaceX-17 Dragon arrival. Using computer based training, the crew reviewed the Dragon mission profile, rendezvous crew procedures, and the crew interfaces for monitoring and commanding Dragon. Dragon launch is currently scheduled for April 30 with capture and berthing on May 2.

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Mobile Servicing System (MSS) Operations:

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Today Robotics Ground Controllers powered up the MSS and translated the Mobile Transporter (MT) from Work Site (WS)3 to WS6. Once complete, they configured the Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS) and Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator (SPDM) to release the Cygnus vehicle in preparation for tonight's walkoff to the start position for MISSE robotics operations later this week.

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https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2019/04/24/more-head-and-eye-pressure-research-and-dragon-robotics-training/

More Head and Eye Pressure Research and Dragon Robotics Training

Mark Garcia
Posted Apr 24, 2019 at 12:54 pm


Astronauts David Saint-Jacques and Anne McClain practice Canadarm2 robotics maneuvers and spacecraft capture techniques on the robotics workstation in the U.S. Destiny laboratory module.

The Expedition 59 crew is unloading one U.S. cargo ship today and preparing for the arrival of another after it launches from Florida next week. The orbital residents also continued exploring how microgravity impacts the human body and a variety of terrestrial materials.

Astronauts Christina Koch and David Saint-Jacques worked Wednesday afternoon to offload some of the 7,600 pounds of cargo the Cygnus space freighter delivered last week. Saint-Jacques is also training today to capture the SpaceX resupply ship with the Canadarm2 robotic arm when it arrives next Thursday. Dragon will be the sixth spaceship parked at the station and occupy the Harmony module's Earth-facing port.

The duo also split the day working with a variety of biomedical hardware and research gear to ensure healthy astronauts and successful space research. Koch and Saint-Jacques participated in ultrasound scans for ongoing health checks. Koch then explored the feasibility of manufacturing fiber optic cables in space. Saint-Jacques set up Kubik incubator hardware inside Europe's Columbus lab module.

NASA Flight Engineers Anne McClain and Nick Hague were back collecting more blood, urine and saliva samples today. The samples are spun in a centrifuge, stowed in a science freezer then analyzed for the long-running Fluid Shifts study. The experiment seeks to understand and prevent the upward flow of body fluids in space that cause head and eye pressure in astronauts.

McClain then studied how living aboard the International Space Station affects her perception and cognition. Hague researched and photographed a variety of coating materials for their thermal protection and optical recognition properties.

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https://blogs.nasa.gov/stationreport/2019/04/24/iss-daily-summary-report-4242019/

ISS Daily Summary Report – 4/24/2019

Kubik:

Спойлер

The crew installed Kubik #5 and #6 in the Columbus module in support of the upcoming NanoAntioxidents experiment arriving on SpX-17. Kubik is a small controlled-temperature incubator or cooler with removable inserts designed for self-contained, automatic microgravity experiments such as those using seeds, cells, and small animals.

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International Commercial Experiment Cubes (ICE Cubes):

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The crew installed Experiment Cubes #4 and #5 in the ICE Cube facility; Cube #0 was relocated to slot J02 of the facility. The ICE Cubes Facility is a capable experiment platform that offers flexibility to host many different experiments for research, technology demonstration or educational objectives.

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Space Fibers:

Спойлер

The crew installed a sample cartridge into the Space Fibers facility and the ground team initiated a science run. Manufacturing Fiber Optic Cable in Microgravity (Space Fibers) evaluates a method for producing fiber optic cable from a blend of zirconium, barium, lanthanum, sodium and aluminum, called ZBLAN, in space. ZBLAN produces glass one hundred times more transparent than silica-based glass, exceptional for fiber optics. Microgravity suppresses two mechanisms that commonly degrade fiber, and previous studies showed improved properties in fiber drawn in microgravity compared to that fabricated on the ground.

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Life Support Rack (LSR) Status:

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Yesterday the LSR experienced a fast shutdown. Following a software parameter update, LSR operated as expected and was scrubbing CO2 from the ISS atmosphere. Both LAB and Node 3 Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly (CDRAs) were put in stand-by mode and ppCO2 levels were within nominal parameters. Due to a false fire alarm in the Cygnus vehicle today, LSR commissioning was interrupted and the LSR is in the process of being brought back up. The LSR captures carbon dioxide from cabin air and recovers 50% of its oxygen for use by the astronauts. LSR will operate for a minimum of one year on the ISS to demonstrate the robustness of the technology for future exploration missions.

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Treadmill 2 (T2) Status:

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Following Monday's T2 failure, and yesterday's treadmill remove and replace (R&R) activity, T2 was declared GO for use after engineers reviewed the Activation and Checkout (ACO) data captured yesterday afternoon.

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SpaceX (SpX)-17 Arrival Preparations:

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In preparation for SpX-17 launch currently planned for April 30 and berthing on May 2, the crew completed the following On-Board Training (OBT):

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• Dragon Rendezvous: On-board proficiency training on the Dragon mission profile, Dragon rendezvous crew procedures and crew interfaces for monitoring and commanding the vehicle.
• Robotics Onboard Trainer (ROBoT) Session 1: The crew practiced a 30-meter approach, two capture point hold runs, and 2-meter runs.
  

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Node 2 (N2) Filter R&R:

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The crew removed existing bacteria filters in N2 and cleaned the smoke detectors. They then replaced the filters with High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) and charcoal filters that were delivered on the Cygnus vehicle. N3 filters are scheduled to be replaced next Monday.

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Public Affairs Office (PAO) Live Event:

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Anne McClain participated in the following three live PAO events:

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• An interview with the Army News Service that will be used by the U.S. Army PAO to highlight McClain's achievements on National Astronaut Day.
• A discussion with KCTS, a Public Broadcasting Service TV station in Seattle, Washington, on how exploration and space travel can inspire a smarter world.
• In an exchange with KUOW, a National Public Radio member station in Seattle, Washington, McClain answered questions about life on-board ISS and how experiments conducted in space impact our lives on Earth.
  

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Mobile Servicing System (MSS) Operations:

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Last night robotics ground controllers completed a walk-off of the Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS) before maneuvering the MSS to the start position for tonight's Materials International Space Station Experiment (MISSE) robotics operations. Tonight, the MSS will transfer new MISSE Sample Carriers (MSC) from the JEM Airlock to the external facility. The primary MISSE platform provides the ability to test materials, coatings, and components or other larger experiments in the harsh environment of space, which is virtually impossible to do collectively on Earth.

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Cygnus Cargo Transfer Operations:

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The crew has completed approximately 28 hours of cargo transfer activities. Approximately 13 hours remain to be completed.

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