TanSat (CarbonSat) с попутными КА – CZ-2D – Цзюцюань (JSLC) – 21.12.2016, 19:22 UTC

Автор che wi, 02.12.2016 11:01:33

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che wi

ЦитироватьThe TanSat (CarbonSat, Tan means "carbon" in Chinese) mission is the first minisatellite of China dedicated to the carbon dioxide (CO2) detection and monitoring. The project was proposed in the Chinese national program in 2010, and officially kicked off in January 2011. TanSat is funded by MOST (Ministry of Science and Technology) of China, designed and developed at SIMIT (Shanghai Institute of Microsystems and Information Technology).



TanSat is equipped with two instruments: Carbon Dioxide Spectrometer (CarbonSpec) and Cloud and Aerosol Polarimetry Imager (CAPI). To enhance the system efficiency and reliability, the two instruments are integrated into a common structure and electronics device, sharing one common electrical box.



CarbonSpec, also referred to as CDS (Carbon Dioxide Spectrometer) is a high-resolution grating spectrometer dedicated to CO2 detection by measuring the near-infrared absorption of CO2 at 1.61 µm and at 2.06 µm, and the molecular oxygen (O2) A-band in reflected sunlight at 0.76 µm. The resolving power in the A-band is near 21,000, while that in the CO2 bands is near 12,000. The footprint size is ~2 km x 2 km and the swath is 20 km wide at nadir.

The CAPI instrument is a wide FOV (Field of View) moderate resolution imaging spectrometer with polarization channels, used to compensate errors which are caused by clouds and aerosols based on observation in the following spectral bands:
- Ultraviolet: 0.38 µm
- Visible: 0.67 µm
- Near infrared: 0.87, 1.375 and 1.64 µm

Both instruments collect observation data in pushbroom mode. To meet the mission requirements, the TanSat spacecraft carries out different observation tasks in different scanning configurations:
• Nadir mode: observation over land
• Sun-glint mode: observation over the ocean
- Sun glint track
- Principle plane track
• Target mode: observation validation
- Surface target track
- Multi angles for one target.
https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/t/tansat

Pirat5

TanSat
Спойлер
Image: TanSat Collaboration
TanSat, Tan being the Chinese word for Carbon, is China's first mission dedicated to Carbon Dioxide detection and monitoring using a payload of two instruments to track the atmospheric CO2 concentration and variability.
Funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology, the TanSat project was initiated in January 2011 to develop a small satellite mission for the detection of CO2 using a high-resolution spectrometer for the measurement of Carbon Dioxide via its near-infrared absorption bands, and a Cloud and Aerosol Polarimetry Imager to correct errors in the spectroscopic data caused by suspended aerosols and clouds.
The 500-Kilogram TanSat spacecraft has the main objective of measuring the atmospheric column-averaged CO2 dry air mole fraction with a precision better than four parts per million over the Chinese and international territory. Scientific goals of the mission include understanding the global CO2 distribution, variations over time and its role in climate change phenomena.
Image: TanSat Collaboration
Responsible for the overall management of the project is the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the satellite platform is developed by the Shanghai Institute of Microsystems and Information Technology, and the payloads are manufactured at the Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics. The ground segment for the mission is managed by the National Satellite Meteorological Center.
The University of Leicester and the University of Edinburgh, UK participate in the mission as an international partners.
TanSat is tasked with a mission of at least three years, operating from a Sun Synchronous Orbit with an equator crossing at 13:30 local time and a revisit cycle of under 16 days. Measurements can be made as nadir, sun-glint and target observations with in-orbit calibration features to guarantee the accuracy of CO2 retrievals.
Image: TanSat Collaboration
As a large developing country, China has the world's highest levels of Greenhouse Gas emissions and the Chinese government identified the need for reducing GHG emissions, requiring access to spaceborne data on CO2 sources and sinks.
As a primary driver in climate change, Greenhouse Gases have been an important aspect of scientific study and a number of spacecraft to measure their distribution and temporal variation have flown in recent years including hosted instruments on weather satellites and dedicated missions such as ESA's Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite and NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory.
To contribute to the study of CO2 in Earth's atmosphere, the China Academy of Science initiated in 2011 a five-year program to study the Carbon Budget and Relevant Issues and provide the information needed by policy-makers for informed decisions furthering a sustainable development plan to reduce GHG emissions.
The TanSat spacecraft utilizes a box-shaped satellite platform supporting the payload deck on the +X panel of the vehicle with a common instrument boresight to +Z which will constantly be facing the Earth. A pair of solar arrays are installed on the Y-panels of the satellite and constantly point to the -X direction when the satellite is in its duty attitude.
Image: TanSat Collaboration
The overall dimensions of TanSat are 150 by 180 by 200 centimeters in its stowed configuration with a launch mass of approximately 500 Kilograms including a 10-Kilogram propellant supply to support orbit maintenance over a three-year primary mission.  With its solar arrays deployed in orbit, TanSat measures 7.4 meters from tip to tip.
The Electrical Power System of the spacecraft hosts two three-panel solar arrays with a total surface area of 10 square meters to ensure an end-of-life power generation of 1790 Watts. Power is fed to a central Power Control Unit that distributes a regulated 28-Volt power bus to the various satellite subsystems and manages the state of charge of a Li-Ion battery unit with a total capacity of 80 Amp-hours.
TanSat uses a three-axis stabilization system with a variety of attitude sensors and actuators. Attitude Determination is provided by a pair of star trackers in use as the primary attitude sensors, collecting imagery of the star-filled sky that are then compared with an onboard catalog to deliver accurate attitude data to the onboard computers. Data on body rates is captured by two gyros in use during de-tumbling and slew maneuvers while a pair of three-axis magnetometers delivers data on the magnetic field vector for the actuation of magnetic torque rods. Three sun sensors are available for attitude determination in a satellite safe mode to ensure proper sun-pointing of the solar arrays for power generation.
Payload Deck & Star Trackers – Image: TanSat Collaboration
Attitude actuation is provided by four reaction wheels to deliver a stable pointing capability for measurements in an Earth-pointed attitude.
Momentum is unloaded from the reaction wheels by four magnetic torque rods and four hydrazine monopropellant thrusters can assist in attitude control during de-tumble after launch and in safe mode. The thrusters are also in use for orbit adjustments and regular maintenance maneuvers to maintain the 13:30 equator crossing time to within 15 minutes over the course of the three-year mission. The four 1N thrusters reside on the -X panel of the satellite and are fed from a 20-liter hydrazine tank filled with 10kg of propellant at the start of the mission.
TanSat's attitude determination system delivers attitude solutions with an accuracy better than 0.03 degrees while the attitude actuators point the spacecraft to within 0.1 degree of the commanded orientation.
TanSat Payload Module – Photo: CIOMP
TanSat makes use of a centralized data handling system featuring an onboard computer that is in charge of all satellite functions from commanding of all subsystem activities, flight dynamics control, attitude data processing, payload data management and storage, telemetry control to thermal and power control. A CAN bus provides connectivity between the main computer and the payload controller as well as all other subsystems.
Command uplink and health data downlink is accomplished with an S-Band terminal supporting full-duplex communications at a 2kbps uplink and 8.192kbps downlink data rate.
A high-speed X-Band system is employed for the downlink of payload data at a rate of 64Mbps. Two antennas support the X-Band system, one pointed directly nadir (+Z) and one canted by 25 degrees to maximize downlink time when the satellite is in sun-glint observation mode, avoiding an attitude change for communications sessions. A 128 GBit onboard storage device holds collected payload data for downlink – typically within eight hours of acquisition.
[свернуть]
Payload Layout – Image: CIOMP
The TanSat spacecraft will operate from a Sun Synchronous Orbit near 700 Kilometers in altitude, inclined 98.2 degrees.
Спойлер
There was discussion of TanSat joining the international A-Train of satellites managed by NASA – a chain of Earth observation satellites carrying different instruments and flying in close succession of one another to collect complementing data sets to maximize the science return of each mission. However, requirements for joining the A-Train were too complex for the TanSat mission and it was decided to have the satellite operate in an independent orbit.
TanSat is outfitted with a pair of instruments – the Carbon Dioxide Spectrometer CarbonSpec and CAPI, the Cloud and Aerosol Polarimetry Imager which delivers data for the correction of CarbonSpec measurements which are influenced by clouds and suspended aerosols.
Both instruments are integrated in a common structure and share an electronics box. The instruments point to the same geographic location with precise alignment being maintained by the structural system of the payload.
[свернуть]
http://spaceflight101.com/spacecraft/tansat/

Pirat5

The Carbon Dioxide Spectrometer, CDS in short, is a high-resolution grati The Carbon Dioxide Spectrometer, CDS in short, is a high-resolution grating spectrometer taking advantage of the near-infrared absorption bands of Carbon Dioxide at 1.61 and 2.06 micrometers as well as the molecular oxygen A-Band at 760 nanometers.
Спойлер
The instrument is comprised of a pointing subsystem, a telescope, beam splitters, diffraction grating spectrometer and focal plane unit.
The Pointing Subsystem hosts a mirror that can be rotated 360 degrees to a) sel ect the target location from -30° to +10° in cross track, and b) place a diffuse reflector into the optical path to direct diffuse sunlight into the instrument for in-flight calibration.
The telescope assembly focuses the incoming radiation onto the grating that acts as dispersive element of the spectrometer before the dispersed radiation is directed to the respective detector elements via three beam splitters.
The Oxygen A-Band channel covers a spectral range of 758 to 778 nanometers, delivering data at a spectral resolution of 0.044 nanometers. For the weak CO2-Band, the instrument covers a spectral range of 1594 to 1624 nm with an 0.12nm spectral resolution while the strong CO2 absorption band falls within the 2042 to 2082nm range of the 2.06µm detector element, delivering spectral data at a 0.16nm resolution.
The CDS instrument achieves a spatial resolution of 1 by 2 Kilometers and covers a 20-Kilometer wide ground swath.
Payload Flight Model – Photo: Xinhua
CAPI – the Cloud and Aerosol Polarimetry Imager – is a wide field of view moderate resolution imaging spectrometer with polarization-sensitive channels.
The purpose of the instrument is to collect data concurrently with CDS to compensate for errors in spectral data caused by clouds and aerosols. This is accomplished by making observations across five wavelength channels.
CAPI uses six separate telescope assemblies and detectors covering nine channels in five spectral bands – an ultraviolet band at 365-408 nanometers, a visible band at 660-685 nm and three infrared bands at 862-877, 1360-1390 and 1628-1654nm. The visible and last infrared band are polarization sensitive for angles of 0/60/120 degrees. Each of the five bands hosts its own detector comprised of 1600 pixels for the UV, VIS and 0.87µm channels and 800 pixels for the remaining infrared channels.
CAPI Lens Design – Image: CIOMP
The CAPI instrument covers a 400-Kilometer ground swath and reaches a ground resolution of 0.5 Kilometers.
The localization accuracy of each instrument is better than one pixel, allowing CAPI data to be used to correct readings from the spectrometer. The polarization-sensitive channels enhance the retrieval accuracy of clouds and aerosols to give the dual-instrument an accuracy between 1 and 4 parts per million for the measurement of XCO2 (CO2 dry air mole fraction).
Instrument accuracy will be verified through a multi-site ground based measurement network in China with a 0.2ppm accuracy.
The CDS/CAPI instruments will operate in different modes depending on the terrain being overflown by TanSat. Measurements over land will be primarily made in nadir mode while sun-glint observations are conducted over the Ocean. Target mode is available to examine targets of interest fr om multiple angles using the satellite's slew capability.
TanSat Observation Modes – Image: TanSat Collaboration
 
Calibration of CDS is accomplished through diffuse solar calibration and an onboard LED light source while CAPI also uses an onboard calibration source as well as lunar and solar calibration readings completed at regular intervals during the mission.
TanSat uses the ground segment established for the operation of the Fengyun weather satellites including the Mission Control tools, science data reception and distribution functions and archiving protocols in an overall effort to reduce cost by implementing a high degree of commonality between different missions.
[свернуть]
http://spaceflight101.com/spacecraft/tansat/

che wi

На csf пишут, что пуск 22 декабря, 03:11-03:38 по местному времени.
(21 декабря 19:11-19:38 UTC)

che wi

ЦитироватьA3205/16 -  A TEMPORARY RESTRICTED AREA ESTABLISHED BOUNDED BY:N351156E0984149-N351536E0982237-N354435E0983047-N353936E0985638, BACK TO START.
VERTICAL LIMITS:GND-UNL. GND - UNL, 21 DEC 19:11 2016 UNTIL 21 DEC 19:38 2016. CREATED: 16 DEC 07:44 2016


che wi

Возможно, попутно летят два спутника гиперспектральной съемки Spark-01 и Spark-02

https://www.chinaspaceflight.com/satellite/Spark-01-02.html


Pirat5

Цитировать
http://m.weibo.cn/1618051664/4055336597513258

Xinhua News Agency reporter Dong Ruifeng 

at 3:22 on December 22, China's Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center successfully launched scientific experimental satellite to monitor global carbon dioxide. This is China's first, the world's third dedicated to "see" the global atmospheric carbon dioxide content of the satellite.


Salo

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-12/22/c_135923849.htm
ЦитироватьChina Focus: China launches satellite to monitor global carbon emissions
Source: Xinhua   2016-12-22 04:06:24
By Xinhua writer Yu Fei

JIUQUAN, Dec. 22 (Xinhua) -- China launched a carbon dioxide monitoring satellite via a Long March-2D rocket from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwest China's Gobi Desert at 3:22 a.m. Thursday.

China is the third country after Japan and the United States to monitor greenhouse gases through its own satellite.

The 620-kg satellite TanSat was sent into a sun synchronous orbit about 700 kilometers above the earth and will monitor the concentration, distribution and flow of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, said Yin Zengshan, chief designer of TanSat at the Chinese Academy of Sciences micro-satellite research institute.

The satellite will help understanding of climate change and provide China's policy makers with independent data.

On a three-year mission, TanSat will thoroughly examine global CO2 levels every 16 days, accurate to at least 4 ppm (parts per million).

This was the 243rd mission of the Long March series rockets. Besides TanSat, the rocket also carried a high-resolution micro-nano satellite and two spectrum micro-nano satellites for agricultural and forestry monitoring.

FIRST-HAND DATA

The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has increased from 280 ppm to 400 ppm over the past 150 years, leading to an increase in average global temperatures of about 0.7 degrees Celsius over the last century, according to Lu Naimeng, TanSat chief scientist.

The new satellite will enable China to obtain emissions data first-hand and share it with researchers worldwide, Yin said.

The Paris Agreement on climate change came into force on Nov. 4, with more than 100 countries committed to reducing their carbon emissions. The satellite can trace the sources of greenhouse gases and help evaluate whether countries are fulfilling their commitments. TanSat means a louder voice for China on climate change, carbon reduction and in negotiations with a bigger say on carbon trading.

Research on the CO2 flow will improve understanding of the carbon cycle, generate more accurate and reliable predictions of climate change.

China's CO2 emissions are to peak around 2030, with emissions per unit of GDP cut by 60 percent of 2005 levels by the same date.

A national carbon trading market will open next year.

WORLDWIDE SCOPE

Many countries are reducing emissions, but calculating how much they are actually doing is difficult. Ground-based monitoring cannot collect accurate data on a global scale, so satellites offer the best means of measuring CO2. Japan and the United States have their own monitoring satellites, but two are far from enough to assess the whole world.

"Since only the United States and Japan have carbon-monitoring satellites, it is hard for us to see first-hand data," said Zhang Peng, TanSat application system commander and vice director of the National Satellite Meteorological Center.

"Before, all our data came from ground stations. That kind of data is both local and limited, and does not cover the oceans," Zhang said.

"The satellite has worldwide scope and will improve data collection. Observing atmospheric CO2 by satellite demands cutting-edge technology, so TanSat is a major technological achievement for China," Zhang said.

"We hope TanSat will work with carbon-monitoring satellites of other countries and provide ample data for studying climate change," said Li Jiahong, chief engineer of the National Remote Sensing Center.

Researchers took almost six years to develop TanSat and its high-resolution CO2 detector.

"The TanSat has very good "vision," and can distinguish changes in atmospheric CO2 as small as 1 percent," said Yin. Cloud and aerosol detectors minimize interference, making observations more accurate.

The satellite has different modes for observing oceans and land, and can constantly adjust its orientation and position. To ensure the accuracy of TanSat, six ground-based observation stations will calibrate and examine observational data.

"We can now collect carbon data from all over the world, all year round, and record the carbon contributed by both developed countries and the developing countries," said Lin Chao who was involved in developing the detectors.

"As for China, we can have detailed analysis on emissions in different regions, provinces and cities, thanks to the satellite," said Lin.
"Были когда-то и мы рысаками!!!"


Salo

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-12/22/c_135923846.htm
ЦитироватьChina launches satellite to monitor global carbon emissions
Source: Xinhua 2016-12-22 04:01:20

JIUQUAN, Dec. 22 (Xinhua) -- China launched a carbon dioxide monitoing satellite via a Long March-2D rocket from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwest China's Gobi Desert at 3:22 a.m. Thursday.

China is the third country after Japan and the United States to monitor greenhouse gases through its own satellite.

The 620-kg satellite TanSat was sent into a sun synchronous orbit about 700 kilometers above the earth and will monitor the concentration, distribution and flow of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, said Yin Zengshan, chief designer of TanSat at the Chinese Academy of Sciences micro-satellite research institute.

The satellite will help understanding of climate change, and provide China's policy makers with independent data.

During its three-year mission, TanSat will thoroughly examine global CO2 levels every 16 days, accurate to at least 4 ppm (parts per million).
"Были когда-то и мы рысаками!!!"

Liss

Сказанное выше выражает личную точку зрения автора, основанную на открытых источниках информации

che wi

41898/2016-081A, 690  x  719(km)  x  98.15°
41899/2016-081B, 691  x  720(km)  x  98.15°
41900/2016-081C, 691  x  726(km)  x  98.15°
41901/2016-081D, 689  x  729(km)  x  98.14°
41902/2016-081E, 280  x  726(km)  x  97.86°

http://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?topic=40297.msg1622292#msg1622292


che wi

Китай произвел успешный запуск спутника для наблюдения за глобальным выбросам углекислого газа

ЦитироватьЦзюцюань, 22 декабря /Синьхуа/ -- Китай произвел успешный запуск спутника для наблюдения за глобальным выбросам углекислого газа.

Запуск был произведен в 03:22 по местному времени с космодрома Цзюцюань в провинции Ганьсу /Северо-Западный Китай/ при ракеты-носителя "Чанчжэн-2D".

Liss

ЦитироватьLiss пишет:
Орбитальных элементов пока нет.
Были они там. Это я проглючил, решил почему-то, что они должны быть после Ariane 5.
Сказанное выше выражает личную точку зрения автора, основанную на открытых источниках информации